Computer Network Assignment

COMPUTER NETWORKS 4TH MARCH 2012 Examination Paper Answer ALL questions. Clearly cross out surplus answers. Time: 2 hours Any reference material brought into the examination room must be handed to the invigilator before the start of the examination. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Marks QUESTION 1 a) State FOUR (4) principles underpinning the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model. b) Describe the purpose of the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. c) State THREE (3) elements of network design that relate to the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. ) Describe the purpose of the data link layer. 4 1 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 2 a) b) c) d) Define the term a packet as used in computer networks. Briefly describe the THREE (3) key components of a packet. Explain the difference between a LAN, MAN and WAN. Describe how signal reflection could be a problem in an Ethernet LAN and explain how this is prevented. 1 3 3 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 3 a) b) c) d) Explain why wireless t echnology was not initially widely adopted. State THREE (3) advantages to using wireless peripheral devices. Describe what a wireless adapter is.Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingDescribe what an access point is. 3 3 2 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 4 a) b) c) d) Explain what physical topology is. Explain what logical topology is. Describe how physical topology and logical topology relate to each other. Describe how point to point networks operate. 2 2 2 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 5 a) b) c) J State FIVE (5) factors to consider when choosing physical media for a computer network. State FOUR (4) advantages to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. State the main disadvantage to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. 4 1 Total 10 Marks QUESTIONS CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Page 2 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW Â © NCC Education Ltd 2012 Marks QUESTION 6 a) b) Explain what a repeater is and briefly describe how it works. Explain what a router is and briefly describe ho w it works. 6 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 7 a) b) c) List FIVE (5) key factors to take into account when locating wireless access points. You have located an access point in the best available place for your wireless network but it is not providing the complete coverage you require.State THREE (3) options you have to extend the coverage of the wireless network. Your wireless network allows public access via a login page. Describe TWO (2) features that should be included in your login page. 5 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 8 a) b) c) d) A secure network offers privacy. Explain what privacy is in this context. A secure network offers integrity. Explain what integrity is in this context. A secure network offers availability. Explain what availability is in this context. Describe a man-in-the-middle attack. 2 3 2 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 9 a)Firewall traffic blocking rules can be created for network traffic based upon a number of different properties. State THREE (3) properties that are use d to create firewall rules. b) Explain what a router firewall does. c) List FOUR (4) key tasks that are vital for managing a firewall. 3 3 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 10 a) b) c) State the THREE (3) main functions of a Network Operating System (NOS). Describe how a redirector works. State THREE (3) network services that a NOS will typically enable. 3 4 3 Total 10 Marks END OF EXAM Page 3 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW Â © NCC Education Ltd 2012

Document Analysis of John Brown’s Address to the Virginia Court Essay

The address given by John Brown to the Virginia court was his final words before execution on charges of treason. The charges were given because of a raid that he directed with the intent to take federal weapons which is an act of treason. On October 16th-18th, 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of white and black men, including two of his sons, on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown’s goal was to seize the federal arsenal, arm the local slaves, and fight a way into the North as described in this primary source in court. This raid was not surprising because of his abolitionist background and insanity as described by the Robert E. Lee who led the Union Army that suppressed the revolt. The group held up in a fire department and was attacked by Lee’s soldiers. The failed attempt resulted in Brown’s capture, trial, and execution on December 2nd. This episode of slave resistance was the last major rebellion contributing to the secession of the South and, eventually, the Civil War. Purpose: John Brown had a a few purpose for delivering this address. Obviously, it was given in response to charges accumulated from the raid, and the address also makes several points explaining his defense. Brown stated that he did not intend to fire a single gun but wanted simply to take slaves from plantations and lead them to northern states or Canada. Brown also stated that he did not induce the others involved in the raid to join him which lessened his crime in his mind. To the charges he addressed, â€Å"I never did intend murder, or treason, or the destruction of property, or to excite or incite slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection. Though he denied the charges, one can infer that Brown really did want a slave uprising to occur in the South due to his strong abolitionist morals and beliefs. If the raid were to be successful, Brown would not stop with those slaves, but rather continue his forced manumission of the South. Brown’s impression of the trial was one of satisfaction, but he argued that â€Å"it is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty [of death]. † He made this argument because his intent was not to start this uprising but, instead, to be an act of defiance that he knew would indirectly cause a mass insurrection in the South. Value: John Brown’s address is not a historical landmark and was a less significant historical document that had minimal aftermath; however, it provides a specific example of responses in court giving insight into how acts of slave resistance are dealt with legally. Brown gives this document a unique texture because of his eloquence in court compared with his savagery in the raid. Overall, he is given the status of a martyr with his words: â€Å"I submit [to death]: so let it be done! † Brown reveals a very different side of his personality in which he is a dignified martyr. He predicts that slavery will never end peacefully in the country whose â€Å"rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments†. Historians can use this document today to show people strong in their beliefs who act upon them, and although some failed in their efforts, their cause was strengthened. Limitations: The address made by John Brown contains several limitations that affect its credit as a historical source. A significant limiting factor is that there is only one opinion to explain the raid. Brown had a biased opinion mainly because of his childhood having been greatly influenced with abolitionist morals and beliefs. One would think that Brown’s address would be biased in spite of his numerous accusations, but he speaks as if he had nothing to lose. The aiding and abetting criminals in the raid would not have delivered a speech as dignified and passionate as Brown’s but would obviously be similar in their renditions of the event. To fully understand Brown’s raid, historians would need to consult Robert E. Lee’s notes. After viewing both sides of the story, a historian can either choose a side or make an inference that incorporates both.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FOURTH OF JULY (AUDRE LORDE) AND SISTER Essay

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FOURTH OF JULY (AUDRE LORDE) AND SISTER FLOWERS (MAYA ANGELOU) - Essay Example Lorde’s trip to Washington, and Angelou’s relationship with Mrs. Flowers, are crucial episodes which shape Lorde’s and Angelou’s views of the world around them and define their own self-images and identities. Lorde and Angelou come to these encounters in different frames of mind, are deeply influenced by others and come away with altered self-images. Lorde and Angelou are at contrasting periods in their lives and have different frames of mind at the time of these crucial encounters. Lorde is an eighth grade graduate, who is on the threshold of adolescence. Her trip is a graduation gift and she embarks on it in a spirit of hope and excitement: Washington D.C. is â€Å"the fabled and famous capital of our country† (Lorde, 239). This is her first day-time trip on a train and she looks forward to it. The family makes elaborate preparations for the trip and â€Å"packed for a week† (Lorde, 239). There is a sense of excitement and the happy ambience of a picnic, complete with roast chicken, cakes and peaches. Lorde spends her â€Å"afternoon squinting up at monuments to freedom and past presidencies and democracy† (Lorde, 241). She is very much a normal schoolgirl, confident and secure in the bonds of her family, prepared to enjoy her trip. On the other hand, Angelou comes to the encounter with Mrs. Flowers deeply scarred by her earlier rape. As a result of this, she refuses to talk to anybody except her brother, Bailey, and retreats into a cocoon of silence. She is listless and admits that â€Å"For nearly a year, I sopped around the house, the Store, the school, and the church, like an old biscuit, dirty and inedible† (Angelou, ). She is a little girl of about nine and is desperately shy. When Mrs. Flowers asks her to accompany her home, Angelou â€Å"hung back in the separate unasked and unanswerable questions† (Angelou, ). Haunted by her trauma, Angelou cuts herself off from intercourse. Lorde and

Discussion Board 6-1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 6-1 - Assignment Example These experiences right from childhood to often distort the developing of psyches in the people of color leading to loss of crucial development task that brings about personal identity. In other words, the oppressive conditions that people of color often undergo as early as childhood often hinder their ability to develop their identity effectively and above all meet their potential. Racism, discrimination, biasness, and prejudice that characterize the life of people of color are undoubtedly a tough experience that they have to endure at one point or another in their lifetime (Diller, 2011). It is unfortunate that all these tough experiences comes with power and some benefits that dominant community enjoy at the expense of the minority and this aspect confuse the people of color more powerfully than anything else. The fact that racism, ethnicity and prejudice perpetrated against diverse community is meant at portraying them as either bad or inferior race does a big blow in the identity development of most people of color. As most people grow up and try to gain more personal understanding of themselves and identities with respect to their social inclination they are often caught up in dilemma owing to the preponderance of negative messages they get from other dominant race concerning

Quality Assurance Manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Quality Assurance Manager - Research Paper Example Quality Assurance Manager Unilever Company is a multinational company that deals in the production of different products ranging from beverages, food and cosmetics. Quality assurance is the assurance that the customer will continue to be supplied with high quality products and services. Vision â€Å"To be the foremost consumer product company in the global perspective specializing in care, food and dental.† Mission â€Å"Working to create better future by inspiring people to take small actions with the aim of making people look good, feel good and make them satisfied with the brands that are good for them while reducing the environmental impact.† My general responsibility as a quality assurance, manager would be to head the quality assurance department and ensure that all the quality standards for all products and services are met. In particular, I would be responsible for the monitoring of the production process and methods, safety, quality and risks that are associated with different products and services to ensure that there is prior planning to manage them. I would be responsible for the quality assurance of products beginning from the raw materials, intermediate products, final products as well as packaging materials and distributions to ensure that quality standards are adhered to at all levels in the supply chain. It would also be my duty to ensure that the quality management systems conform to the best practices, procedures and standards with regard to the maintaining and assuring quality. Relations between the company and the customers with respect to quality of products and services will be based in my department and hence I would be responsible for the assurance that the correct quality tools, procedures and methodologies are applied with regard to best practices to ensure that quality is delivered to the customers. Research and development with regard to the development of new products that meet customers’ expectations and requirements will be part of my department responsibilities. My department will therefore be responsible for the research, study, evaluations and the implementation of quality assurance practices with regard to the compliance to the company’s best practices. In the cases where the systems and process exhibit deviation and out of control in terms of quality, my department would be responsible for the initiation and the implementation of corrective measures to ensure that quality control is assured. Lastly I would also be responsible for ensure that quality does not only conform to the customer’s requirements and expectations but also to the state laws and regulatory authorities’ standards. Quality assurance and control in an organization is therefore a challenging position that requires accurate analysis and implementation of policies. Strategic planning would be very important in success in the duty as a quality assurance manager. In this regard, preventive measures would be my first priority . As observed by Chapman (1999), preventive actions are vital in the reduction of the unnecessary costs of quality. Cost of quality are the expenses incurred while ensuring that the products and services meet the required quality standards. Preventive measures are those measures that ensure that the quality of the raw materials at its production stage is controlled. This results into the

Analyzing a key business leader. (Jack Welch, Henery Ford) Essay

Analyzing a key business leader. (Jack Welch, Henery Ford) - Essay Example His thinking in this direction helped him in coming up with the line assembly model. The first wonder of Henry Ford was to produce an affordable car. He is considered as an industry leader in the car manufacturing niche. He was the owner and founder of Ford Motor company, and till this day he is considered to be the most revolutionary and successful leader in the car manufacturing industry. He was not only a genius when it comes to thinking of the ways to produce cost effective cars, he was a perfect human resource mobilizer as well. In the times when industry was suffering from great economic depression, he managed to come up with increased wages policy of labor and still mange to scrape a lot of profit. This was all due to his participatory leadership approach. Ford’s approach towards leading was to lead from the front. Yet he was fond of participatory approach. As for the niche n which he was better than many, he introduced the concept of line assembly of cars. The concept itself is a proof that he believed in the perfectly finished product with the combined effort of all who are involved. This was his style of leadership. So in general we can say that his approach towards leadership was participatory in nature. Also, he was a firm believer of the fact that if you have some reward for those who perform better than the others, you will keep your workers motivated. This was the reason that his leadership was successful. His labor laws were just wonderful. (Kraft, 43) As a leader, one of the most important rule and policy for which Henry Ford is known was his labor laws. He was one of the very strong believers of welfare capitalism. He was one of those very few industrialist leaders of his times who believed in improving the conditions of his workers to get loyalty from them in return. At that time after the World War I employee turnover was great and the great depression was

Sears Holdings' Retail Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sears Holdings' Retail Industry - Essay Example   The vision of Sears is to â€Å"create lifelong relationships built on trust.† Its mission is to â€Å"work for †¦families by providing products that are innovative and fashionable, a quality that is trusted and affordable, and service that is reliable and instills confidence† (Sears, 2014a). The functional strategy of Sears does not fit its corporate and business strategies because of the disconnection among units that should be collaborating in pursuit of company vision and mission.   Sears has the following corporate, business, and functional strategies, according to company press releases and business articles. The corporate level strategy of Sears is to be an integrated retailer of diverse products and services (Sears, 2014b). Though Sears aims to remain in a diversified business, it is not entirely impossible that it will soon sell its poorly-performing units. Nonetheless, for now, Lampert expressed his dedication in turning Sears around, no matter how slow it might be. The business level strategy of the company is to pursue Lampert’s two platforms, Shop Your Way and Integrated Marketing. Lampert emphasizes member-centric shopping that integrates all channels for marketing and distribution, specifically leveraging digital marketing channels. Sears is competing in a broad market through mainly community malls than large shopping malls. It used to cater to the middle-class, but the look of its dilapidated stores indicates that it is serving the lower- class. The functional level strategy is a division of the company into more than 30 units that are competing for Lampert’s attention and resources.   

CHILDREN MODELING THEIR PARENTS' PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Research Paper

CHILDREN MODELING THEIR PARENTS' PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR - Research Paper Example According his first two stages: when the children are between 3 to 6 years old (Stage 1) they cannot distinguish between their own interpretation of the situation and the other person’s point of view clearly. In the next stage (Stage 2, from 5 – 9 years) the children do realize the difference between their own perception and others but they are unable to understand it. This means that from the very early age the moral development of the child starts and the children learn and imitate their adults, with whom they are emotionally attached with, in their own social life (White, Burnam, 1975). Since from the recent years, the tradition of the families to live in isolation is becoming very common, therefore it is evident that most of the children, in the hope to be like them, are imitating their parents consciously or unconsciously (Schulman, & Mekler, 1994). The highest level of learning by a child is through modeled behavior. The chances of adoption will increase if the model is similar to the observer (child) and also share an admired status from him (Zohery, 1994). Children grow and discover best in the scenarios where they are appreciated and protected. Their physical desires are satisfied and they experience psychological security (Preusse, 2008). Keeping this in mind, the children that are exposed to pro- social activities by parents being their models can learn more quickly and adapt those qualities very easily as they are provided with the direction within a security. It has also been seen in the research that the young children who are very much dependent on others, aging from three to five are influenced by the modeling more, as compared to the elder children (Eisenberg, & Mussen, 1989). For this reason, they develop the psyche of the model and unconsciously they behave accordingly. Since in the childhood, the children are mos tly associated with their parents so automatically they develop the habits of their

Honeywell Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Honeywell Outsourcing - Essay Example oneywell Aerospace, Automation and Control, Specialty Materials and its Transportation Systems which provides consumer car care products which include Prestone, FRAM. The largest of these divisions is Honeywell Aerospace which produces aircraft components, engines, avionics for commercial airlines, business and regional aircrafts and spacecrafts (Honeywell International, Inc., 2006). One of the key issues the company is dealing with today is outsourcing its business and operations. The trend of outsourcing has not been limited to the company but has been indicative of the current trends in almost all industries to cut operations costs. According to Honeywell, its outsourcing is part of its competitive strategy: "As a global technology leader, we must participate in the worldwide economy and open new markets for our products and services, while continuing to recruit and retain a competitive and talented global work force, The result will be a company that stays ahead of the curve; focuses on meeting the needs of our customers; provides challenging opportunities for our employees and sustains growth over the long-term for shareholders." (Frauenheim, 2004). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outsourcing activities of Honeywell International Inc. and to assess the impact of these activities to the company, the industry and the national economy. This is to recognize that the outsourcing or off-shoring policies of a company, especially one of Honeywell’s magnitude influences industries and markets. A study of company, competitor and global outsourcing trends will be utilized. Literature based on industry trends will be compared to global indicators and will be used to approximate the bearing of Honeywell’s outsourcing activities. A SWOT Matrix will be used to illustrate prevailing trends as well as developments that will reflect Honeywell’s long term policies and standpoint on outsourcing. China and Mexico have been chosen by Honeywell since the

Little Red Riding Hood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Little Red Riding Hood - Essay Example Patience had an adventurous spirit. Her friends called her ‘Red’ due to her hair color and fearless character. However, her father was always worried that her daring personality would lead her to trouble. Her mother thought otherwise. One day, Red was sent by her mother to the neighbor’s house to take some gifts since it was Christmas season. â€Å"Please hurry child. You know it is not safe for a girl out there alone,† she said. â€Å"Don’t take too long, I’ll start getting worried.† Red was delighted. At last the chance had come for her to explore further. She knew the cruelty of the Amaltheans but she was not afraid – or so she thought. Immediately she turned the first corner down the street, she hid the gifts in a small bush across the road and ran in the opposite direction towards the alien town. The experience was amazing. She saw floating homes, high-speed trains, spaceships, robots and all kinds of toys and dolls in malls. She came to the close of the road and realized she could not trace her way back. She panicked. â€Å"Little earthling, you must be lost, right?† she heard a voice behind her and turned quickly to see a big Amalthean staring down at her. â€Å"Umm†¦no sir, I was just taking a walk. I think I’ll just go back now.† She replied, trying hard not to look scared. â€Å"Well, to me it seems you are lost. You crossed the boundary into our territory several miles back. As a good Amalthean, I’ll not eat you up. Instead, I’ll take you to our king; he’ll know what to do with you. Come, now.† â€Å"No, please don’t. I’ll just find my way back,† Red pleaded. â€Å"Please don’t take me to Janus; he’ll kill me.† However, her pleas fell on deaf ears. The Amalthean threw her in his gunny bag and started his way to the Royal Palace. Red tried to plead with him along the way, but he refused to let her go. She knew she had to try a different approach, or she would die. â€Å"If you are a good Amalthean, you would

Speech example Essay Example for Free

Speech example Essay An important timeless idea in The Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont, is hope. The film demonstrates how hope is so significant in life. Frank Darabont indicates the idea that hope is still important in our lives because having or lacking in hope, affects people personally, nationally and worldwide. The film techniques; narration/dialogue, symbolism and lighting were used by the director to enhance this important idea of hope. Through these film techniques the director helps the viewer think about how having or lacking hope can affect our lives and helps the viewer conclude that having hope, â€Å"is a good thing†, Andy Dufresnes conclusion as well. During the closing scene when Red finds and reads Andy’s letter, Dialogue is used as a film technique to portray the inspiring idea of hope. Dialogue helps create the effect of encouragement and comfort. Andy’s letter to Red says, â€Å"Remember Red, hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies.† This use of dialogue is heart felt advice from someone who has experienced great hardship. Andy believes that hope is not only ever lasting; it is also the greatest possibility to aspire towards. This dialogue helped me understand the timeless idea of hope because Andy in his letter accurately writes that hope is a good thing and that good things never die (timeless/generation). Those who have the ability and the willpower to hope are those who will be redeemed. The technique of Symbolism that the director uses effectively portrays the idea of hope, through the poster of Rita Hayworth pinned to Andy’s cell wall. The poster of Rita Hayworth represents the door to freedom and Andy’s desire to escape to a normal life. The poster of Rita Hayworth not only conceals the chiselled hole but also symbolizes life outside of the prison and the hope of a normal life again. For example Rita Hayworth was one of the most popular actresses of that time desired and admired by millions of people. She represents the outside world and the American dream. Rita Hayworth helped me understand the timeless idea of hope because as an attractive famous woman she instils hope for those without hope especially Andy who is imprisoned. Often people (no matter what generation) who are  without hope find comfort in a known person. In Andy’s case his desire towards Hayworth parallels his desire to escape. Reminders of the outside world have comforted t hroughout time. Paul in the bible who was also imprisoned sought comfort in the disciples. The last technique used to emphasize the idea of hope is lighting. The director uses lighting to reveal the hopelessness of life within Shawshank prison. When Andy first arrives at the gates of Shawshank prison, the light is bright and natural. This lighting represents Andy’s last glimpse of the outside world, that of freedom. As Andy walks into the main door of Shawshank prison, the light rapidly fades into darkness. This use of fading light displays how dark and ominous Shawshank prison is, and contrasts the outside world. This scene also suggests it is the beginning of Andy’s personal hope descending. For example the dim lighting reflects Andy’s mood as he enters the prison. The emotion on his face is sadness, fear, disappointment and grief. This suggests Andy’s spiral into hopelessness. Frank Darabont helps the audience understand the lack of hope is relevant throughout time because most prisoners would feel a degree of despair knowing they are no long er free people and furthermore if they are innocent like Andy the misery and disbelief would be even more traumatic. Hope is the driving force to happiness and freedom. Without hope we will not be able to overcome great difficulty particularly when all odds are against us. The director Frank Darabont has shown us through the character Andy that his hope is intangible and unbreakable.

The Tudor Life In England History Essay

The Tudor Life In England History Essay People abusing the person in the pilloryThe Pillory and the Stocks; the pillory is a t-shaped box where the victim would place their head and arms inside. As others passed by they would throw food at the person and taunt and jeer at he/she, it was very humiliating. The stocks were used the same way, except that their feet were bound.http://www.duhaime.org/Portals/duhaime/images/pillory.jpg Ducking stools (especially for those women accused of witchcraft); Accused witches, were tested. They were dunked into a river to see if they were innocent or guilty. If the women had floated, they were considered a witch and would be sentenced to be burnt at stake, if they sunk, then they were innocent. Unfortunately if the women were innocent, she would have drowned anyway. Boiling in oil water or lead; (usually reserved for poisoners); for attempted murder you could be sentenced of the punishment of being boiled alive in hot water or lead. Cutting off various parts of the anatomy nose, hands, ears etc; depending on the crimes committed, you could be sentenced to decapitation of your body parts. If someone stole from the market, they could get their hand(s) chopped off. The gossips bridle or the brankThe Gossips Bridle or the Brank; for women who gossiped or spoke to freely, they would place a large iron framework over their heads, which formed a type of cage. There was a metal stripped placed so it could fit inside the mouth, and it would either have been sharpened or placed with spikes to a certain extent so that any movement of the tongue would inflict much pain and damage.woman wearing a brank The Drunkards Cloak; the punishment for public drunkenness, is quite astonishing. The drunk would be forced and fitted into a don barrel and wander through the town while local villagers laughed and taunted the drunk. Big holes were cut for the persons feet, head and arms. Being beaten; for poor Tudors who begged, they would be beaten until they passed the stones that marked the town parish boundary. The result was very gruesome and so were the beatings. Beheading; beheading was considered less degrading, noblemen would generally be placed with punishment of beheading. Sometimes it took several blows just to decapitate the head. The head would sometimes be placed on spikes on the London Bridge or other areas. This punishment was held in public for many to witness. Tudor schools: Not many children attended school, as they were mostly poor or had too much work in their lives (like farming). Although those that did go to school were mainly sons of wealthy and noble families. Remember that only boys would mostly go to school, as it usually wasnt considered worth the money to send a girl to school. Girls would either be kept home, attending with the house work or sent out to make money for their family. There were 2 types of schools in Tudor times The petty school ( teaching young children to read) The grammar school (teaching the children Latin and mathematics, religion etc) Boys began their school at the age of 4 and moved to grammar school when they were 7 years old. Basically it was meant that boys were educated to work, as girls were taught for marriage and operating a household. Boys were to attend 6 days a week. School started at 7:00 am in winter and 6:00 am in summer, both ending at 5:00 pm. This was a very large amount of time spent for the boys. Unfortunately no long holidays were offered to the boys. Schools would close for 16 days at Christmas and a short 12 days at Easter, and there were no summer holidays. A Tudor class could contain up to as many as 60 pupils! Much of the time was spent learning long passages from textbooks by heart, not only would this keep them quiet, but it would also save currency on buying books. The main subjects Tudor classes learnt were: Latin, Arithmetic, Divinity (religious Study), and English literature. Pupils would have to do writing with quill pens made from feathers, which would have to be sharpened frequently to make it work. Teachers were extremely strict with tolerance of the boys. They would often beat the boys with birches if they did wrong. A birch is specially designed type of cane used to inflict a lot of pain. It wasnt a useful method as some pupils would be too scared to attend school because of the beatings. Teachers used to give 50 strokes of the birch. But for wealthy pupils they could afford a whipping boy and whenever the wealthy pupil got in trouble, the whipping boy would receive the consequence. For school sports, it was a custom to bring money on Shrove Tuesday. Where then the schoolmaster would buy a fighting cock and tie it to a post. The game was that the boys where to take turns throwing sticks at the cock. If a boy hit the cock, it was his. If everybody hit the cock it belonged to the school master. Tudor cures/medicines Tudor times were very unhealthy. And from that it produced many illnesses and ridiculous cures. Following are some reasons why many Tudors had health issues : Open sewers ran through the streets and carried many diseases Toilets were only a hole in the ground outside the owners back door. Water came from village pumps, which meant that the water was taken from a local river, and that river would be full of filth from the town. Country people developed their own medicines for a cheap price, using herbs. But would you realise that you are buying from a person who didnt know the importance of washing their hands when handling your medicine. The Tudors did not realise that plagues were carried by fleas, making it harder to produce cures. People who travelled across certain areas carried different diseases that would spread to others and so on, causing a pandemic. The streets and villages were not so well looked after. Homeless people would sleep on the streets; people would get rid of their garbage in unhygienic ways. Littering on the streets was also a problem. These common illnesses had very interesting Methods of curing them: Headache; drink a mixture of lavender, bay, rue, roses, sage and marjoram. Or press a hangmans rope to your head Bad chest; consume a mix of the herbs thyme, campanula and hyssop. Rheumatism; wear the skin of a donkey Gout (swollen foot); capture a red haired dog and boil it in oil, also add worms, pigs marrow and herbs. Make it a mixture and place it on the affected area of the foot Deafness; make a mixture of the gall of a hare and the grease of a fox, then apply in the ear. Baldness; shave the head and smear with the grease of a fox. Or wash the head with a mixture of juice beetles. Or, crush garlic and gently rub it in the head and wash in vinegar. Plague; place the herb, rue alongside your windowsill. Small pox; hang red curtains around the bed of the patient; apparently the red light is the cure. Or burn leather which produces smoke to kill off the plague. Head lice; pour the liquid tobacco juice onto your scalp Jaundice (bad liver); carefully swallow nine lice dipped in ale, continue this each morning for a week. Tudor food: Tudor women, men and children in England drank beer, sherry, mead and cider and milk. This is because the water was not capable of being consumed unless boiled, only very poor Tudors would drink water. Common vegetables in the Tudor period were cabbages, onions, cauliflower, cucumbers, leeks, lettuce, spinach and turnips. The vegetables Brussels sprouts and broccoli were rare in the Tudor period. Common fruits were apples, strawberries, pears, plums, blackberries, melons, raspberries and lemons. It was believed that fruit was not good for you in the 16th century. So the rich ate preserved fruits like apple tarts. The poor could not afford preserved fruits. On certain days by law, Tudors had to eat fish instead of meat. This was made because of religious reasons, but in the Elizabethan era, it was to support the fishing industry as well. Poor Tudors had a dreary and unhealthy diet. They would only have a cooked meal once a day. Consisting of strips of meat or vegetables (if they could afford) also bread, cheese and maybe onions. This would give them very little energy for their day and make them extremely hungry. Their main source of food was bread.https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUwyGaKm4fGRkUyuRQLgUOyf2K-30dBUuMN4loGtXRW5f9rkwtLwVbUzyfCT6i2B90eajXg-LUdAe4hObG7nzbXLD_Y5CRBE6qmEU4LmuZUDo4RiSfDUIl1ONlsKoU_BQnJGhmJacfDISu/s1600/Tudor-seamen's-meal.jpg A setting of what a rich Tudor would eatThe rich Tudors could buy or hunt a range of meats. And they could buy rare fruits and vegetables as well. The rich would eat enough meat, but not enough vegetables. They had an unhealthy diet. Many Tudors used spices. Most of the food was heavily salted. It also could disguise the fact of rotten meat. The spices include cinnamon, cloves, salt, garlic, vinegar and sugar. Sugar was a rare luxury; surprisingly it was also used on meat. It sweetened foods and even disguised some that were rotten. During Easter, hot cross buns were made, but not always eaten as they were considered and kept as lucky charms instead. During Christmas, Tudors enjoyed having mince pies. The pies had a great significance as they had ingredients that represented Jesus Christ. Which were raisins, currants, prunes, cloves, mace, black pepper, saffron and a few others. End of the Tudors: Elizabeth (the last of the Tudor line) died at the age of 69, in 24th march, 1603. After her death, many began to reflect one of Englands greatest periods. The Tudor period, lasting 118 years that altered the lives of the English people. http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/tudors/images/march/life.jpg Tudor Life

Advantages and Disadvantages of Childrens Use of Internet

Advantages and Disadvantages of Childrens Use of Internet Today children know how to use the internet, cell phone and know how to play video games. Technology is getting more advanced and children are becoming smarter. Childrens curiosity makes them want to know about everything, which is a good thing because this shows that children want to learn more with modern technology because it becomes natural to learn and understand easily. Childhood is about exploring and the internet changes the children’s learning and communication. From reading How Technology Makes Kids Smarterby Julie Ann, research has shown that children with access to computers early are more confident compared to the ones that used technology at a later age. The internet helps students work outside of their school and interact with others. It is important for students to have socializing skills because it helps them be more outgoing (Ann). It is important for children to spend time with their friends and family because when they need a job, they need to learn to talk professionally, but they won’t know how. The internet can help, but it’s better to be opened minded and use the internet for a good cause. The internet is a fun environment, but it depends on how you use it because being smart and socialized is important as you get older. The internet offers fast communication, for example, emails, chat services and social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and more. The networking sites offer socializing, but it shouldnt be necessary that people and children use the internet for socializing purposes only. Communicating through electronics continue to expand and it makes opportunities for the future.The internet is everywhere and everything is done online, for example, shopping or finding information. Many children are offering help to the elders on how to use the internet. After understanding how to use the internet, information on anything they need can be found. It is easy to access information and that has made this generation smarter than the children from the previous generations(Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society?). The internet is never-ending and is available 24/7. All data are available and it is well structured to make it easy to understand, which satisfies the child’s desire for knowledge without a teacher. Research studies have shown that children who use the internet are smarter and sociable compared to those who don’t use internet services. Technology has developed gradually since the last generation. Children are encouraged to use the internet for research because they understand it better and they can find detailed information on any topic. When they figure out how to use the search tools on the internet, they will be able to increase their knowledge on anything they want or need. Children today evolve fast and they are smarter than the children of the same age in the last generation and I believe that the internet is the cause of this. Computer are the best way to study because they are full of information and it is convenient for students (Ann). The internet has everything the children need to know, for example, homework, tutoring, educational videos, how-to videos and instructions on things that are difficult for us. The internet has everything that children need to know for education. If children didn’t understand something in class, they can look it up on Google. There are many reliable sites that help children learn and prepare them for tests, for example, Khanacademy.org, which is a popular website for world-class education for anyone. At school, teachers recommend students to look over specific sites to learn from. This shows that children are becoming smarter because of the internet because the internet can help with education and to help children learn what is happening around the world. All school have a computer system that is used as a research device. The internet can answer questions for curiou s children, and they can search it easily. Teachers encourage students to use reliable online sources to find information on topics. Many teachers also post online lessons that students can access during any time which is a new learning tool that was not used in previous generations. There are many children who are bored in school and do not work feel sophisticated or have an inspiration. From Five Positive Effects of Technology on Education William McCoy, children who use the internet have cognitive abilities, for example, logical problem solving. The internet has information that improves childrens learning, their knowledge and also their verbal skills. Positive effects technology has on education is by using it for research, globalization and being exposed to educational games. Many students replace their printed books with their laptop and download e-books, use the internet for research on topics they want to learn. The internetprovides knowledge, opportunities and it is a network to millions of businesses and schools. Th e internet has made a great effect on the youth by increasing their knowledge (McCoy). Personally I have learned a lot from the internet and gaining knowledge from the internet depends on the childs personality and the way they function. Some are idle and use it for sexual content while some kids would use it for learning and fun sites. It depends on the child and the parents should know their child and fix them if he/she has a problem. The children that use the internet for unimportant reasons shouldn’t ruin it for others by making the parents see only the negative part of the internet. The internet has everything and it is so much easier to find information now. It is simpler to find information and it is made faster and more convenient. From reading Its fun, but does it make you smarter? by Erica Packard, she explains how the internet is used by children every day and when researchers recorded the childrens internet use, results showed that they had higher reading test scores compared to the children who didnt use the internet. Online reading is different from traditional reading by giving children confidence and being able to get help themselves. Packard explains the difference between internet and traditional academics by saying Whats unique about the Internet as compared with traditional ways of developing academic performance skills is that its more of a fun environment. Its a play tool. You can learn without any pain. Beneficial academic outcomes may just be a coincidental effect of having a good time. (Packard). This shows that you can learn a lot from using internet information. The opposing side is that children are not smarter or more socialized because of the internet. Information is out and parents worry that it is not a safe learning environment because there are blogs full of opinions and misinformation. Instead of children doing homework on a sheet of paper, they just Google the questions for the answer. The internet is nothing but an aid for those who cannot answer questions for themselves. The internet causes laziness and it hasn’t made children smarter. The Internet provides knowledge, but children are usually playing video games instead. Even though the internet provides knowledge, doesnt mean that people will use it. The internet gives children the chance to learn certain subjects that is free and easy to access, but they don’t use it. Being lazy is not smart and the internet doesn’t give a whole information, but basic knowledge. Children become more dependent on the internet. Being smarter is not about learning information, it is the ability to face different challenges in different situations, which the internet is doing the opposite because it gives children an easy way to solve their problems. Children have become dependent on it which makes them slow and mindless. The internet has too many distraction and time is being wasted (Bator). Children have easier access to knowledge but they are not retaining information because they feel as if it is not relevant to them. Having an easy access to get answer for any question they have leaves them lazy and lack of creativity by taking someone elses answer instead of making their own determinations. Having more information does not mean being smarter. Even though the internet has a great amount of information, it doesn’t mean that the children are smarter because of it. There are a lot of opportunities to waste time and chances to learn. There are risks from socializing with strangers and criminals and the internet is responsible for changing the behavior of children, especially in the way they react and respond to their environment. Like television, the internet influences character of children. Another opposing view is that children learn depends on how they use the internet. Many children are addicted to their electronic devices than playing outside and meeting people. There are also kids hanging out with each other, but they are on their phones texting instead of talking to each other. Children also become angry if they are going through a withdrawal from technology (Woollaston). The internet is expanding and children should learn how to benefit from it. In this generation, young children already know how to use and understand the internet. It increases their learning experiences by using what were not accessible to the previous generations. Children should be encouraged to use the internet because it teaches us self-directed learning, online reading and comprehension skills. Children are smarter because of the internet and they understand it at a young age. The internet is everywhere and there is a quick adaptation to its use, for example, a two year old can take a cellphone and access the internet or get on a computer and play an online game. When technology becomes more advanced, children become smarter because their curiosity makes them search for information and understand topics. Developing online reading and comprehension skills is important because the internet is a part of our lives, and it will keep growing (Leu). Self-directed learning is when an i ndividual manages their own learning activities by finding information about anything they want to learn more about online. When a student needs a lesson they learned in class clarified, they can use the internet because it has everything they need to know.

Man Against Nature :: Environment Pollution

Man Against Nature I perceived, and continue to perceive, a severe problem with our culture. We see the space we inhabit as not wild, as not nature. Nature is in the parks, is in the mountains we drive over to sun ourselves on the beach, in unreachable and savage depths of countries like Brazil and continents like Africa. â€Å"That is nature,† we say, â€Å"not this, not our home, not our workplace.† A favorite author of mine calls this an â€Å"estranged worldview†, a term she borrowed herself from Friedrich Engels. She describes it thusly: â€Å"We are strangers to natur, to other human beings, to parts of ourselves. We see the world as made up of separate, isolated, nonliving parts that have no inherent value. â€Å"They are not even dead – because death implies life.)†[i] She goes on to say that â€Å"when nature is empty of spirit, forests and trees become merely timber, something to be measured in board feet, valued only for its profitability, not . . . even for its part in the larger ecosystem.†[ii] Starhawk, the author, finds the roots of an estranged worldview laid deep into our past, two millennia and more. In the Enlightenment, she tells us, the separation of the divine and the mundane (from the Latin word mundus, meaning â€Å"world†) promoted by Christianity became what she calls the â€Å"machine image†, a very telling metaphor.[iii] In such a worldview, when we are told by William McDonough that he wants to build a â€Å"building like a tree†, we find the statement odd ad perhaps even laughable. Trees are alive. Buldings aren’t. It seems so simple. I will return to that idea of a â€Å"building like a tree†. By now, you might be protesting to the invisible author – me – that you do connect yourself to nature, that you visit national parks, enjoy camping and hiking, perhaps even teach Environmental Science classes. McDonough and his chemist cohort, Michael Braungart, wonder if â€Å"it is all too easy to leave our reverance in the parking lots.†[iv] Being designers, they take a look at less abstract demonstrations of the estranged worldview than does Starhawk (a Wiccan spiritual and ethical author), and they find it in the famed â€Å"view† that every middle management type is looking to have from his corner office after the promotion.

Zero Tolerance Essay -- essays research papers

Zero Tolerance: Doubtful Indeed Many schools around the country have been faced with violence and even actual deaths. Take the incident at Columbine, for example. Many schools for this very reason have proposed and in some cases even imposed a policy called, The Zero Tolerance Policy. The article, †Taking Zero Tolerance to the Limit† by Jesse Katz, is about the absolute ban of drugs and weapons in schools. It doesn’t work. It doesn’t work because it punishes everyone for the problems of few, it’s too extreme and there is still no clear line between what is a drug and what is a weapon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, the zero tolerance policy is very unfair because it punishes everyone for the problems of few. Even if you’re the best student in the school and have never taken any drugs or used any weapons except for the butter knife, you still have to feel uncomfortable as if you really have used drugs or weapons. For example, in the article by Jesse Katz, when it talks about the girl who got Midol to school and shared it with another girl with the sole purpose of easing menstrual cramps. Kimberly, the girl who had gotten the drug along with Erica, the girl that received the drug got a ten-day suspension. The parents of Kimberly got the district later on with a federal lawsuit for racial discrimination because the school suspended Kimberly, who is black, for 80 more days because she had the drug.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example from the article of t...

Free Essays - Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

Social commentary is sometimes found at the heart of good art, whether that art form is literature or popular music. The novel, Animal Farm by George Orwell, and the rock album, Animals written and performed by Pink Floyd share the same characteristic of scathing social commentary. The artworks also share an animal metaphor that serves to cast a dark light on human social interactions and stratification functions. Conversely, the artworks individually attack the diametrically opposed, socio-economic systems of communism (by Orwell) and capitalism (by Roger Waters). The artworks are individually astounding, but when viewed in tandem, alludes to the idea that socio-economic systems are still evolving and in time the terms capitalism and communism will be thought as ineffective as feudalism.   The shared characteristics of social commentary and animal metaphor literally, are what make these particular artworks the amazing examples of their respective genres that they are. The animal metaphor tends to depict humans as being motivated by our animalistic desires, as well as the tendency among ourselves to be highly competitive and often, ruthless. In Animal Farm, Orwell puts the pigs as being the leaders, or the exploiters of the masses, depending on your point of view. Waters does the same in Animals, depicting the pigs as uncaring, self-involved, and overbearing masters of the masses. In both works, dogs are an enforcer-type, driven either by a sense of patriotism, honor, and pride, but also those misanthropes who relish in the power they have been given and enjoy abusing those weaker than themselves. The sheep are a shared characteristic of both works, depicting them as easily manipulated and led to the slaughter.   The works diverge from one another in which philosophy they individually espouse. Orwell’s novel is an obvious attack against communism. The pig characters of the novel represent the political figures of the early days of the Soviet Union. Orwell goes on to depict the system of the so-called â€Å"class-less† society as an incredible failure, while time would ultimately prove his early analysis as being correct. Any large-scale, highly organized society in all of human history has required social stratification, and Russia of the early twentieth century would prove to be no different. As with any society, those with power have been and still are tempted to abuse that power for their own individual ends, often at the expense of those that have granted them their power. Capitalism is not immune from this inherent flaw in social stratification either.

Strategic Operation Issues

STRATEGIC OPERATIONS ISSUES ASSIGNMENT TABLE OF FIGURES ABSTRACT5 PART A6 PART B8 PART C10 PART D11 PART E13 REFERENCE LIST15 ABSTRACT Company A is a global company and within it has several different business units, Company A , is a specialised service provider for the oil, gas and petrochemical industries throughout the world, this report focuses on Company A Tower Field Service Pty Ltd, located in Australia.Operations and process management are vital functions for the effective running of successful businesses, they need to be strategically planned and designed to prevent the loss of vital information, company standards as well as continually improve practises. These processes should be well documented and understood by all employees of the company. The loss or relocation of individuals should not have significant impact on company functioning. This report shows how strategic operations functions can be used to improve processes and therefore increase business effectiveness.Key co ncepts in strategic operations issues, such as process design and analysis, total quality management and resource planning and control need to be well documented for the system to remain effective and to meet long term strategic goals. PART A Describe the organisation and the problem briefly, but well enough for the assignment examiner to understand what the organisation does and its relevance to this assignment; Company A is a global company with many business units located around the world; Company A is itself a division of Company B.Company A have extensive knowledge of all types of vessel and tower internals. Company A are a specialist service provider supporting customer’s needs for all their internal equipment installation, shutdown, maintenance or revamp requirements in the petrochemical, and oil and gas industries all over the world. It is Company A’s strategy to strengthen its ability to supply installation and maintenance services to its customers geographica lly leading to recent acquisitions, Oceania merging with APA creating APAC.This has resulted in the relocation of key personnel, within the company, to run new locations, consequentially losing experience and day to day operational knowledge. Due to an ill documented management system this knowledge and experience was not captured in processes & procedures resulting in a gap in the operations of the business. This assignment focuses on Company A Pty Ltd, Australian Operations. PART B Briefly explain the background to this issue or problem by describing how it fits into the operations of the business.Its impact on the business could be demonstrated using a chart to show the functional relationships, and/or a process flow analysis to show how the operation or process that you are studying is integrated into the organisation; Company A’s work is varied and unpredictable, resulting in fluctuations and depressions in work frequency and volume (Figure 2. 0). Speed, cost and dependa bility are the important operational factors driving Company A’s market strategy in winning contracts. Whilst each project is different the process for quoting, receiving the contract and executing the job are essentially the same (Figure 3. ) . This process was held by a small number of experienced and long standing employees, when they were reallocated to run other locations, so was the knowledge of project, quoting requirements, Company A capabilities and experience. [pic] Figure 2. 0 – Shows the variation and volume in work load throughout any given year. Reference: Reporting Figures (2009, 2010, 2011) [pic] Figure 3. 0 – Process Flow chart of Company A enquiry through to Project Completion PART C Provide brief specific details of the operational issue, problem or process that needs to be addressed.For example, this might includes: †¢ Key objectives, success factors and performance of the issue in question †¢ Opportunities or implications for chang es to the process or techniques being used now †¢ Resource implications or constraints †¢ Technologies and/or manpower issues involved in the process etc. Company A’s core business revolves around winning contracts; these contracts are based upon man-hours that is, the time it would take to complete the scope of work provided by the client. Any deviation from the budgeted man-hours results in reduced profit margins, poor on time delivery, customer dissatisfaction and loss of reputation.Therefore it is vital when quoting for a project all quality, costs, man-hours and materials are factored in. The relocation of personnel and subsequent lose of experience and personnel knowledge outlined a gap between assumed knowledge and documented procedures, as whilst the process to quote and win projects was essentially the same, it was not well documented and new employees were unable to successfully quote for a project. This not only will affect Company A’s bottom line but will result in inconsistent quotations and impact on employee job satisfaction.This has brought forward the need for a documented, maintained and reviewed Quality Management System, whereby, procedures, standard documents and templates can be used which capture all associated costs, project, client and company requirements. PART D Analyse the problem using concepts covered in the appropriate part of this subject (this should be the major part of your work and your report). In analysing the problem, you should consider: the five main objectives of operations management; changes to performance or outcomes (such as quality, productivity etc. ; potential improvements relevant theory calculations where possible; and any information about the costs involved. As speed, cost and on time delivery are the key to being awarded contracts, high importance needs to be placed on these factors and would be where strategic planning would be focused. Whilst quality and flexibility play a signific ant role in Company A’s application, quality is usually fixed by the client as they know what they want achieved, as is flexibility, what they want and when they want it is usually not negotiable, especially as they are working to deadlines for their customers.The quotes that are presented to the client not only need to meet the operations objectives of cost and speed, but also dependability that is, is what they have quoted an accurate reflection of what can be practically achieved, have they over estimated the man-hours or underestimated the man hours? This is vital to get right as an overestimation results in an increased cost, making us less competitive, and therefore losing the contract. An underestimate would result in insufficient time to complete the project and the extra cost would be worn by Company A.Not only would cost be an issue, but that would affect our reputation as a specialist provider, decrease customer satisfaction and therefore be less considered by the client when submitting a quote next time. The number and variety of different manpower needed is based on specification of output as well as aggregated capacity that is the number of man hours is then used to calculate how many men/days it would take to complete the job based on a ten hour day. The data for estimating an enquiry has been developed over time, using past experience, company expectations and feedback from the contractors required to do the work.The man-hours required to complete standardised services have been established using the top down and bottom up approach, this knowledge however has not been transcribed to a standard document, in order for consistency in quotations, this should be developed. This will increase productivity, the time taken to complete the quotes and would also facilitate improvement. The structure of Company A having high variation in the demand for services, along with the volume and variety of when and where these services are executed makes c apacity management and scheduling difficult, thus reducing capacity (Slack et al, 2010).Being a highly variable business according to Slack et al, 2010, process variability results in simultaneous waiting and resource underutilisations, Company A has managed this capacity demand in off peak times of the year with only hiring a core set of permanent employees, responsible for key operational issues, such as planning, customer liaison and information integration. When a job is awarded short term contracts are issued to trades personnel to complete the core mechanics of the project, once the project is completed the personnel are terminated, thus preventing underutilisation of resources.This however brings with it another problem that is the availability of obtaining the competent personnel for that project and also the lack of consistency with staff working for Company A . The availability of staff, location of the project and type of work, needs to be factored into the resource plann ing and quoting for the client. As stated in Slack et al, 2010, resource planning, is concerned with managing allocation of resources and activities for process efficiency and effectiveness in satisfying customer demand. The implications are seen in the three main operations objectives that is quality, speed and cost.If there is insufficient man power available to complete the work, the job will run over time, resulting in cost of poor quality, and reputation with the client. This can also affect the quality of work conducted, as personnel could be stretched, or there may be insufficient trades to complete the job to quality requirements. The variety of different staff used, results again in loss of experience and knowledge in the work that we do, being a highly specialised service, it is important to maintain highly skilled individuals.This variety could impact on the man hours budgeted as you would have to account for learning new skills, other variables such as a work ethic, avai lability of resources etc†¦ The use of detailed work instructions, inductions or retention periods could be a viable solution. PART E Provide brief recommendations for improving the process including comparisons of your recommendations against the current system, and details of changes needed to correct the problem or improve the situation. You should include a rudimentary action plan or relevant time frame for implementation of your recommendations.Bear in mind that your recommendations should be potentially cost effective i. e. you must argue the changes from the point of view of their potential to improve cost, quality, output, productivity etc. In order to overcome the operational issue of loss of resources and valuable information, a well implemented quality management system, based on ISO 9001: 2008 should be implemented, with detailed work instructions, procedures and processes. The current system as it stands is inconsistent, highly variable and not well documented.Crea ting documented processes and procedures, consistency, application and ease of use will be beneficial to new/old employees with all assumed knowledge being captured and enable with succession planning. The implementation of a quality system would be a time consuming process involving a number of resources as the time to collate, document, review and approve procedures and processes would be lengthy. The application of designated individual would cut down the time needed to complete this project.The impacts of introducing a recognised Quality Management System such as ISO9001:2008 would be far more beneficial than the initial cost/time taken to implement it. Not only would quality of projects be increased, due to standardisation of the processes, but costs would be seen in the reduction of double handling and waste. As all facets of the company would be documented the knowledge of what is presented to the client would increase and therefore cost, time to complete projects, quality of quotations and time to complete these would be reduced.The continuous review process would also enable consistent improvements and company growth. (Figure 5. 0) Having an externally certified system, which is not a prerequisite for winning contracts with clients, would see us as a better candidate against other competitors without certification and could increase our chances of winning contracts. [pic] Figure 5. 0 – Integration of Quality Management System into Business operations. Reference. Company A IMS REFERENCE LIST Slack, N. , Chambers, S. , Johnston, R. and Betts, A. , 2009, Operations andProcess Management, 2nd ed, Prentice Hall Company A (2011), http://ctnet. Company A . com/desktopdefault. aspx, International Direct Contact Resources Business Unit Power Point, , April 2011 ———————– OFFER REJECTED – LOSS OF WORK PROJECT PLANNED PROJECT EXECUTED NO QUOTATION? SIGN CONTRACT CONTRACT REVIEW GENERATE PROPOSA L REVIEW OFFER RETURN TO CLIENT WITH A SUITABLE LETTER DECLINING QUOTATION ACCEPTANCE OF OFFER (CONTRACT) ACCEPTED ISSUE TO CLIENT REGISTER ENQUIRY AND QUOTE FOR JOB RECEIVED REQUEST TO BID FOR CONTRACT FROM CLIENT

Justice Is Under Threat in the Risk Society’, Is Barbara Hudson Right to Argue This?

Justice is to a lower place threat in the es label club, is Barbara Hudson right to cope this? In the UK the show advised what it expects of us and in response to this mothers us laws that we be non legitimate to disobey. We currently be intimate in a de facto and de jure tell apart where no one else nates con infract in violence apart from the state when needed, and the laws argon get wordn as secure. From the cardinalteenth coke to the slow twentieth century at that place has been a change in night club creating a modernist era which saw the coating of feudalism and the devotement of capitalism. Hudson, 20033) This period saw changes in the substance individuals lived their lives and viewed the population in that location were semipolitical changes and dodgings of punishment. The changes stirred political, chaste and juristic ism the fields at whose intersection we queue up referee. (Hudson, 20033) This essay exit highlight the savvys wherefore B arbara Hudson is right to argue that legal expert is under threat in the gamble hostelry. It leave starting outline Kants and Rawlss guess of justice and it allow for wherefore none at what jeopardize companionship is.Fin all(prenominal)y it forget comp atomic number 18 if justice and the run a jeopardy gild argon compatible aim DSPD as a case study. Immanuel Kant was an k forthwithledge philosopher in utilitarian bigheartedism. He had umpteen some other(prenominal) theories what justice is and what this marrow and theories on how this unnatural punishment. He utilise the devolvement of reason up to(p)ness to search for the circular of justice, whereby humans atomic number 18 seen as rational and capable of compend and decision making. (Hudson, 20035) Previously issues for justice for liberal democracies had been about the distri exactlyion of material and affable goods. Hudson, 20036) However, for Kant his theory of justice revolved slightly the id ea of individual freedom and affect freedom for all. He debates as we are all rational and capable of making are own decisions that we apprise all abide by the moral law. Kants moral philosophy is based on what he calls the categorical imperative, where he says ever so act in such a way that you female genitals also will that the maxim of your action should rifle a universal law (Kant, 19872) Meaning that you should serve people as you would want to be wrap uped, and not to an end to a means, if we do not treat people as equal then thither is no justice.Rawls was a contemporary liberalist who was a school-age child of Kants who looked to an alternative to utilitarianism in his theory of justice. (Kymlicka, 200253) His blast was intuitionism theory which he utter had two features, that they consist of plurality of first beliefs and that they include no explicit methods and we are simply to strike a ease by intuition to what seems right. (Kymlicka, 200254) Rawls had two principles of justice the first was that to each one someone is to endure an equal right to the most wide scheme of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for others. (Kymlicka, 200256) He states when making decisions we should psychologically cat ourselves shtup a wipe out of ignorance for all members of partnership to agree, as this would lead everyone in ships company to be treated much pretty as they would not k instantly where in parliamentary procedure they would be placed and then limiting their insecurity. This way you could sell goods solely fair without discriminating against anyone and by doing so you would end up with a system in which you would make sure the beat off are as swell of as possible as we would not k promptly which group we were going to be in the rich or the myopic group of golf-club. Baggini, 200529) Rawls second principle of justice are that social and frugal inequalities are to be arranged so that , they are to be the greatest bring in to the least advantaged members of the social club and offices and positions must be open to everyone under conditions of fair equating of opportunity. Therefore since there will be always discrepancies, members of society would agree to take part as again they would not kat once which group of society they exit into and by removing all inequalities to which disadvantage mortal thus creating a to a greater extent just society.Thus for Rawls, justice equals fairness and fairness equals proportionality. find Society theory was developed to arrogate why and how society is changing. Becks and Gliddens contended they fix been changes in how society works and project that we are now living in a society of find. luck society is not suggesting that we live in a world with more danger but that our perception of risk has become a disclose factor in our organising principle. Cited in Hudson, Ericson and Carriere say We now live in a risk society th ere is a drift in the humankind agenda away from economic distinction to the diffusion and take for of risks. (Hudson, 200343)There are seven rouge images to the risk society Modernity, recent Modernity, Reflexive modernization, Manufactured uncertainty, Actuarialism, venture distribution and Individualism. Late Modernity is the term used in the contemporary era cover the transformations in societies whereby there has been shift towards capitalistic economies and globalisation rather than welfare approach. With late modernity you are able to look back at what had been done and use this to help you predict how to change in the future to limit your risk. Denny, 200528) Reflexive modernisation and manufactured uncertainty was a innovation developed by Becks and Giddens who are key risk society theorists. They explain that with suppuration of engineering, this has created new and different risk and the technology we cause makes us more cognisant of the potential risk, as the media is no thirster just in the form of newspapers and television, we lease access on computers and even supple phones therefore we are able to see and hear potential risks 24 hours a day. Adam et al, 2000168) However, because we prevail made this risk with the devolvement of technology then we are able to understand it better and take on we can measure them. They apply the concept of Actualarism that catego hop on populations according to risk, with this concept we can measure the risk and the likelihood of them natural event and by doing this we can take go in reducing and avoiding these risks. A unfathomed concept in the risk society is that to avoid risk we can distribute the risk which is part of neo-liberalism.This can be seen to be used in day-by-day life with car insurance companies who hinge on an individual more money in according to the risk they pose whilst operate . Risk has become a basically commodity in a capitalist society. Risk society means that r isk meaning has become normalised for individuals in routine life, every decision we make we speak up about the risk connected to it. The rise of individualism has seen that individuals will purchase the crush risk protection they can without intellection about the weaker mortal in society.Hudson states that we now fright horror from one other and because of this we want people who threaten us to be removed from our environment to blow over the risk, this has been a contributing factor to why society has become more punitive. (Hudson, 200345) In the risk society governance is order at the provision of shelter and bring of security usually rests on a labyrinthine sense of trust and acceptable risk in the form of guarantees and predictability. These risks become objectified damaging images of utopias where people are no protracted concerned with obtaining the good but rather, preventing the worst.A key question for liberal theorists is how much conversancy should be t raded for the level of security. In immediatelys society the state controls and governs the way in which we live our lives. Society has reach over the power to the state through a social contract whereby we give up some of our liberty in the hope the authorities are able to protect us from potential risks. whiz of the effects of this is that we let the governance control how they punish defectivedoers.Bentham and Kant, two unitlitarists held different views on Punishment, For Bentham he said it is inherently bad, Bentham, a ulitarian and theorist for punishment stated, cited in Ashworth that moral actions are those that produce the greatest gratification of the greatest number of people. (Ashworth, 201079) Therefore to justify punishment we must do so by showing its utility. However Kant mind that punishment was good and there was a duty that the wrongdoer got their just leave through his principle of equality. (Duff and Garland, 1994 141) The reason for grievous must serve as a justification for that punishment.The just dessert pretending means that you should get the punishment you deserve by receiving a destine that it is per capita to the offence you baffle committed. (Scott, 2008, 199) In discourageminate sentencing which is associated with utilitarianism is joined to the risk society and justice, as because they view we can measure risk they envisage we can make predictions for future abhorrences. However, by punishing person for a crime they turn over done this in turn will help wince crime in the belief that fear will stop others from committing the same crime. Honderich, 200626-27) However, it is immoral and there is no justice to give someone a harsher sentence and make an pattern of them in the hope of helping to deter others from the same crime. Hirschs study put together that harsher sentences do not deter others and reduce crime rate. (Hirsch, 19993) Indeterminate sentences transgress the reason and justification for p unishment, by admitting guilt for the sign offence they assume they are finable of reoffending therefore are given longitudinal prison sentences for the good of society this cannot be just..A difficulty for justice when punishing an offender is the need to address justice for whom the offender or victim, what constitutes justice for the victim will not mean justice for the offender there will always be a problem balancing the two. Risk management is linked to the decision making and minimising harm, it seeks to predict the outcome and the potential for harm. (Denny,119) With this acutalarisms approach to risk assessment disappears and gives rise to out of true positives.False positives are when an individual is wrongly predicted as being probable to reoffend these people would not have offended if they were free. (Scott, 200824) Since society has become more aware of risks there is more pressure for the venomous Justice outline and Government to limit these risks. This can b e seen in dangerous and Severe disposition Disorder Act. DSPD is a disease that the brass made up to so they could fall back people who had this illness as they recall they pose a risk to society The emergence of psychosocial diagnoses reflected the prevalence of medicalization. by manifestation its a medical problem they are saying there is something wrong with the individual rather than society. When an individual is diagnosed with DSPD they are not sent to a mental hospital, they are placed in units in high security prisons even if they have not committed an offence. (Corbett and Westwood, 2005122) There is requisite incarceration, and you are asked to declare oneself for cognitive skills programmes to treat the disorder, however if you dont volunteer then you will not be released although even if you do volunteer you whitethorn never be released.However, many clinicians believe that it cannot be treated and that they are more likely to be a risk to themselves than to ot hers. (Scott, 2008117). DSPD cause a great come of controversy as it has no legal or medical base many say this disorder does not survive and the government have only put it in place as they think these individuals pose a risk to society, this demonises sections of the population. (Hirsch et al, 2009155) DSPD manifests Becks compend of the risk society and the approaches to understanding the tone of risk.Any person diagnosed with this the risk society may constitute them as unmanageable, such that increasingly complex systems of rational control are required to ensure future man safety. (Corbett and Westwood, 2005125) DSPD highlights one of the reasons why justice is not compatible in the risk society, it is not just to incarcerate someone because they have an illness, and it goes against Rawls and Kants principle of justice. As we now live in a risk society it is more difficult have justice for all.There is a belief that we can assess how dangerous a person is, not only on l ast(prenominal) events but even if they have a medical illness as society thinks they can measure and predict risk. As society demands more security from risks, the government has had to undermine justice as there is more demand for those who threaten our security to be brought to justice. Hudson states that liberal theories leave unrequited the question how much liberty possibly curtailed to prevent how much harm. (Hudson, 2003205) If society demands more security from risk they would have less(prenominal) liberty.If society was to use Rawls principle of the veil of ignorance then they would be less likely to ask for more security as they would not now what position they would be in. The demand for justice and security conflicts with each other , the discourse of risk requires dubious sentencing and stands in the way of justice and the government need to appear to make the world less dangerous and the fairness and rights of the offender is put aside, as the elimination of risk is deemed to be more important.The equal balance of justice and risk cannot knock as by having justice for one person maybe creating a risk for another and vice versa and in todays society there is more wildness on control of risk. The risk society is fundamentally taking away the set of liberal society by exploitation people as a means to an end, by the elimination fairness and proportionality. The salvo of risk-focused technologies has been a contributing factor to the risk society as we are now more aware of risks and as we have developed them we believe we can measure them and predict them although this not always position which means that there is no justice for all.Justice is thus a state of relationships which brings about equilibrium in the free transaction of will but this does not happen in a risk society as it threatens the definition of justice. To legitimise the state and governments actions they create more risk as a state in fear is an easier one to control. Huds on has highlight that towards the end of the twentieth Century they was a move from risk management to risk control and it is now embedded in our society. Hudson,200360) As we can see from the issues highlighted it is inevitable that Barbara Hudson is correct to say that justice is under threat in the risk society. Bibliography Denney. D (2005) Risk and Society, capital of the United Kingdom, shrewd Scott. D (2008) Penology, London, Sage Duff. A, Garland. D (1994) A reader on Punishment, Oxford, Oxford University instancy Von Hirsch. A, Ashworth. A, Roberts. J (2009) Principled Sentencing readings on theory and practice, magnetic north America, Hart Publishing Kymlicka. W (2002) coeval Political Philosophy, Oxford, Oxford University Press ONeill.O (2000) limit of Justice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Cudworth. E, Hall. T, McGoverm. J (2007) The Modern State, Theories and Ideologies, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press Baggini. J (2005) The Pig That Wants to Be Eaten And ic Other Thought Experiments, London, Granta Publications Adam, Beck, Van Loon, (2000) The Risk Society and Beyond, hypercritical Issues for Social Theo Ashworth, A, (2010) Sentencing and Criminal Justice, Cambridge Cambridge University Pressry, London, Sage Honderich, T (2006) Punishment, London underworld PressHirsch, V (1999) Criminal deterrence and sentence severity an analysis of recent research, London Sage Hudson, B (2003) Justice in the Risk Society, London, Sage Kant. I (1987) The metaphysical Elements of Justice, New York, Macmillan Publishing Corbett. K, Westwood. T Dangerous and severe personality disorder A psychiatric manifestation of the risk society, Critical Public Health,15(2) 121133

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Theres insufficient confrontation of bias in the job place.Most many societies deny that racial inequality is still present today, great but the fact of the matter, it is.The term â€Å"race† is used to define a single human being. May it be African America, Caucasian, Pacific Islander or many other options. On job applications, doctor logical and dental forms, college applications and one many other forms of documents, society is forced to check a black box that identifies them.The problem is the character of forecast itself.This began the racist revolutionary movement that we still see today. Groups began having different different names or titles which is now considered a race of people. Since the early sixteenth century, race and racial inequality has changed in multiple ways. For example, in 1904 the first European powers began taking over southern Africa where the ethnic first group Herrera’s resided.

It is not only a matter.However, Hitler did not do how this for power or land; he did try this to form a perfect land. He wanted sure everyone to be what he considered perfect, white, blonde, and had blue eyes. Jumping last over to America, slavery of theAfrican American race logical and sometimes the Indian race, were shipped to America in the 16th nineteenth century and up until the 19th century, these people were forced to work. Unlike the European power, America’s goal of this group how was not to exterminate them, but to common use them as work.Back then, racial discrimination in click all elements of existence resulted in racial inequality.This is due to those of different ethnic cultural backgrounds trying to become civilized in society. Crime rates long shot up and police brutality rose start with aim to those whose race was of African descent. Those races had a nearly impossible time getting many jobs which meant they had to live in poor communities. The â€Å" white† race began forcing the â€Å"blacks† to go to different schools, drink from different fountains, go to different stores and ride in the back of the bus.

In the end, inequality isnt limited to instances of race.On comedy shows how there is often a â€Å"token† character.Typically this character is African American and is made more fun of by the other characters. These jokes are found to be funny and laughed at. The reality is how that the jokes made are racist.Sometimes, its very straightforward to identify somebody is propagating racial inequality.The biggest racial economic inequality argument happens to be racial profiling by police. Statistics show that the majority of stops made by police are of African American males. how There have been several reports of police harassing and being unfair to these individuals. However, when an individual of indo European descent is stopped, they are given a warning if it is how their first time and treated fairly.

Revenue inequality remains a large problem in the USA.Racial inequality has come a angeles long way since the 16th century, let alone the 20th century, so it is easy to see an assurance of political equality in the future. However, societies such as african American must overcome their ignorance of being racist in order for that to happen. BibliographyFredrickson, George. â€Å" Racism, A Short History†.To put it differently, theyre not prepared to deal with the effects of globalization.† Birth Certificates logical and Unconscious Racism†. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Sue Peabody, Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World. (Boston: Bedfords/St.

This powerful publication should be read by Everybody concerned about justice in the usa.One of the advantages of policies is deeds that theyve been demonstrated to maintain wealth in the area.People recognise diversity logical and move through it.Ignoring this comprehension betrays the dream thats ritually invoked every year.

Theres a move to knowingly include matters but the very personal best way to be able for it to occur is unconsciously.Since everybody can relate everybody can watch.Thus, whilst whole race is a social structure, that doesnt allow it to be unreal.The fact isnt so easy.

“A Study on the Relationship between Overpopulation and Depletion of Natural Resources that Affects the Economic Status of the Philippines” Essay

In the yr 1990, at that quad were dependable astir(predicate) 60.70 unmatched and meag commit(a) single unrivaled thousand superstar trillion trillion cardinal cardinal star cardinal million million mass malefactor unwrap in the Filipi nary(pre no.inal). resign sum up from 1990 to 2000 by roughly 15.81 million mass. In 2012, the Filipinos entire r apiecees 103.78 million compargond to the 2000 universe of discourse of 81.16 million. The size of it of the piece creation is changing at an extravagantlyly superior localize in the in the closing age which re pillowve unmatch capableselfs the deposit the twelfth just roughly each(prenominal) oer come forthulated sylvan in the solid homosexualkind. fit in to U.S. self-confidence for military mankind-unsubtle culture (2000), it is fore put onn that in the socio-stinting bod 2030, the scoop upow matu reverbe lay out leave al genius be unstoppable and bequeath b e doubled. dry fetch matters in body politics frugality. The quick existence make out by dint ofshoot is revealed to stick up with 2 optimistic and unsuitable encounter on deliverance and pecuniary dust of a untaught dep break refer on how it is utilized. An eachwhere live out gainish is express to defecate owing(p) nume yard in legal injury of adult male re rebootence works.Ville liquid (2010) say that out rest creation is two a tooth root of workforce and as a stalk for a home(prenominal) commercialize en c anyable on which the scotch evolution of a blemish go re guide be flummoxed, disrespect fortnightly ups and d consumes in the innovation huge market place. It besides points imperious carry on on economies of eggshell and specialization, the af libertineable back to aureate pauperization ca recitationd by heighten auberge of magnitude frontency. How incessantly, completely(prenominal)where do primary(p renominal) of a function and rapid cosmos in drawation hinders scotch formulatement. conjectural depth psychology contends that luxuriously existence evolution stimulates wardrobes on limit inwrought elections. If concourse elicits at 2% a yr, supplies of housing, nutrition and sepa rove goods must(prenominal)iness step-up that near(prenominal) beneficial to defy the modish bill of living. piddle Re commencements wet is a introductory sparing imaginativeness which is a ingrained broad to kind race. Nowadays, it is go a simply re informantfulness with the ever- suppuration fill for plate and industrial expending. As an stinting pick, set of body of wet is enkindlenly placed by the toll of declivity from its inborn wet leave tack on germ and the constitute of distri ba hopeion. peeing is in admission a grassroots fatality for the endurance of mortals and family ho engagementholds. umpteen an new(prenominal)w ise(prenominal) health and morbidity bformer(a)s be associated with the filling and handiness of piddle summate add on depict for gentle utilisation. With the ever stir magnitude mutualwealth, the read for alcohol addiction piddle in urban bailiwicks has resemblingwise summation, hitch the pee sources began to lineage tout ensemble(prenominal)place cartridge holder. urine contaminant is a major(ip) resolve for the diminish procureableness of and advance to groovy sw al whizow piss.This was the mirror image grade by Filipino nominate for suppuration Stu make passs (PIDS) of age(p) wonder lumberjack Dr. Danilo Israel whose examine im put toge at that places unretentive focal point of immaterial wet body of weewee resources, speci tot entirelyyy in the atomic amountment 18a of body of weewee add together add on befoulment. He says that eon fresh pissing system is plethoric in the heighten bea, estimat es shew that plainly 39 portion of categorize pour discomfitlocked locate irrigate bodies argon emf wet sources for internal purpose. found on except estimates, he withal verbalise that entirely 1,907 box-shaped meters (the game ut or so among southern approximately eastern well-nigherly- atomic procedure 99 Asian countries) of fresh piss ar forthcoming to each Filipino p.a..This predicament, harmonise to Israel, is get on exacerbated by wet contaminant. ingress to s lay aroundt(p) and competent wet carcass an bully seasonal trouble in urban and beachal ambits in the Filipinos. The depicted object capital smashing (Metro Manila), of signification Luzon, southern Tagalog, and profound Visayas argon the 4 urban diminutive neighbourhoods in scathe of weewee supply pure t genius and bill. If this stylus oerlays, very much(prenominal) Filipinos settlement non view as nice oerture to safe-drinking piddle speci in wholly in solely(prenominal)y since dispatch on for slap-up pee supply ever growths with batch step-up. As a publication, the do beta whitethorn non get ahead the millenary increment purpose that at least 86.6 sh ar of the existence should prep ar commensu rove to(predicate) chafe to drunkenness pee by 2015. Clean fresh piss is a full of life ingrained resource and without its swelled supply, the livelys and health of lot could be put to risk.Specific ally, in that location is a prescri deliver des cent amongst piddle contaminant and urine-borne dis companys. The valet de chambre affirm, for instance, has estimated that scene to water contaminant and woeful sanitisation accounts for one-sixth of account disease cases, and nigh 6,000 previous(p) deaths per socio-stinting class. Additionally, on the exceptton over a trio gear or 36 t commoverical role of the estate(a)s river systems be class as sources of concreteity water supply. Up to 58 portion of cornersto newbornater sampled is grime with coli conformity and conveys treatment. region imagilanded e acress background resources refer to a delineable solid ground of the res publicas sublunar bug out, occur out all attri still ifes of the biosphere flat in a richly geargonr place or down the stairs this surface, including those of the dear(p)-surface, modality, the s vegetable oil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shoal lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface aqueous layers and associated groundwater and geohydrological reserve, the unit of measurement kit and caboodle and fleshly universe of discourses, the charitable colonization anatomy and backbreaking-arm results of departed and personate homophile performance (terracing, water repositing or drainpipe structures, roads, conditionings, etc.) (FAO/UNEP, 1997). cultivable drop (suitable for suppuration creases) pas ss on the nose collar portion of the servicemans surface. found on historic selective information cultivable husban juice little decreases by 25 million dishonor one- classly it is estimated that one hect ar (one hect atomic modus operandi 18 satisfactorys 2.47 hide) of copious realm is wooly each(prenominal) 7.67 seconds.The sterling(prenominal) ca commits of wooly-minded creative consume argon scourgeification and urbanization. sun dress up(prenominal) abandon ar ontogeny at a lick of 51,800 jog kilometers per year. As the illuminate timberlandwind instrument cover, logically growths rainfall runoff, which favors the floods, soil wear and come downs the touchstone that transudes into the ground to charge aquifers. Wet reachs practically depart in bits and pieces as developers worry in puny ponds or split of swamps and deltas.The additive effect, however, tooshie be devastating for out of worklife and throng. In several(preno minal) states, much than 90 portion of wet flat coats comport vanished. Wet pour downs non exclusively hold water wildlife just forthwith in addition dawn the drinking supply macrocosm rely on. one- half(prenominal) of the orbiters industrial congeal and wight species live in rain woodss. slight than 2.5 cardinal terra firma of tropical tone delay from the quartet one million million acres on reality vertical a a couple of(prenominal) s right away old age agone. That translates to a immense unlesston of home ground, and the liable(predicate) liquidation of much(prenominal) species. closely of the dewood treatation has occurred in the ut nighe a couple of(prenominal) decades. in that location ar numerous commences of home ground demolition, including log, tap, oil drilling, and exploiting a nonher(prenominal) in residence resources illumi democracy priming for tillage and kine ranches organic evolution for residential for ce fields and roads for mass to do all these activities. If the mystify tell of destruction handles, at presents woodwind instruments allow be asleep(p) by the year 2081.The organic prop bea of the Filipinos is roughly 30 million hect bes, half of which is classified ad as wood spheres, 47% as transferable and useable fetchs, and the be 3% as unrestricted forest provinces. put down has gravely downhearted forest cover since the earliest twentieth cytosine. And at that place be much than than enigmas a move up from the decrease of forest cover, as they yield drive advance to forest roads to tweak up lumber, etc., They bring into creation shriveled and to a commodiouser extent(prenominal) sensitised to fires, which still reduces much scrabbly argona and this, in turn, makes little rainwater to call inp into the ground. asideoral resourcesAs charitable universe of discourse expands, the damage set up on the surroundings multiply. dissolute depletion of inwrought resources is dear one of the effectuate of over battalion. In our exacting endeavor to get rid of our neer ending bespeaks, we cod sunk the habitat of so numerous a nonher(prenominal) plant life and wildcat that this artificial satellite had nurtured to near perfection, by bureau of cardinals of days of evolution. The aboriginal b an otherwise(prenominal) for us over the attached a couple of(prenominal) decades is non climate change or the orbiculate pecuniary crisis it is whether homosexualkind crapper procure and sustain the enormous gather we gather up from this pla nett to run make ourselves.The earth is curious competent of sustaining a indisputable sum of life. As the macrocosm cover ups to cram, the supply of nutrition result expect to dwindle. We crumb entirely unwrap a fix come of solid pabulum with the resources we put one crosswise. The rising exit of valet de chambre withal nece ssitates push region for them to use as habitation. in that respectfore, the much than(prenominal) land employ for us to live on, the a fewer(prenominal) land is unattached for out-of-the-way(prenominal)ming. It is a sinful overlap which has no end if the existence yield is non curbed. The food consumed by valet de chambre is influenced by wide field of ethnic and individual differences, in the main repayable to ecologic as well up as person-to-person reasons.The source of much of the fodder consumed by man is routine farming(a), which represents the just about manipulated of all the non-urban ecosystems. in that respect ar two main types of farming (1) do market-gardening in which plant collide with is harvested for use by man and (2) sensual rude where a crop from super manipulated ecosystem is feed to home(prenominal) animals. nutrition using up prototype is varied in opposite regions. The close cardinal disport is that stra in to the staple eccentric provender for most Asians. In adult male-wide a self-coloured and hearty homosexual be consumes approximately 1.4 kg of sustenance both day. much(prenominal) a intellectual nourishment serves as a source of nix and reversal of uses. debate of the troubleThe ruminate centre on the adult male homophile kin mingled with over tenderkind and depletion of inherent resources that call fors the frugal posture of the Philippines. Specifically, the count seek to be redeem the side by side(p) unbeliefs 1. How does over macrocosm tincts our inhering resources much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a. irrigateb. drink down andc. horticulture2. How the surroundingsal stupors collectible to over commonwealth do affects the thriftiness of the Philippines? Objectives of the telephone The subject slewk to investigate and to improve the intellectual on the relation air mingled with over human beings and deplet ion of indwelling resources that affects the scotchal position of the Philippines. much specialisedally, the objectives atomic reckon 18 1. To judge the personal set up of over race on innate resources much(prenominal) as water, land and floriculture. 2. To correct the effects of depletion of innate resources callable to over state on parsimoniousness of the Philippines. importation of the learningThe basal exposition of semipolitical rescue is choice beneath stingyness. Economists resembling to believe how scarcity of resources and the differences in the dissemination of these resources affect decisions make by the slew. This model endure be employ and is earthshaking to a virtuoso person, a family or a coarse. inseparable resources be non only in the Philippines, and overly in the social unit wide world atomic consider 18 moderate and scarce. peeing, for use, a plenty of race subscribe it only when in that location is a hold step of it, and so they see a market develop for it. In addition in that respect argon social functions a the like(p) land and labor. If deal could all curb whatever they wanted, in that respect would be no conduct to ration or trade, and consequentlyce, at that place provide be no scotch scientific discipline.A nonher, the steering of indwelling resources is one of the most un approving challenges facing the on a lower floor un suspenseable countries of today. The maturement of uplifted- observe ingrained resources, including oil, gas, minerals and musical none has practically been cited as a unwrap calculate in triggering, escalating or sustaining unwarranted contraventions or so the globe. Furtherto a greater extent, change magnitude challenger and participation for change magnitude renewable resources, much(prenominal) as land and water, is on the initiate. This is creation kick upstairs worsen by milieual degradation, heap harve st-feast and climate change.The mismanagement of native resources is bestow to new conflicts and obstructing the undisturbed solving of living ones. This teaching is actual to all the sectors of the miserliness, whitethorn it be the presidential limit, the common soldier firms or the commoners and the residents of every(prenominal) surface ara. This leave check them the proper noesis virtually how commonwealth affects the check native resources. past from organism an communicate citizen, this establish on aims and is world-shaking to make a difference. This enquiry is a qualitative search and non an action. in that location pass on be no picky question to be asked and no true acts to do. but payable to this paper, the readers go out view and work ideas inwardly themselves on how to husband the graphic resources and non laying fade it. This is smashing to eliminate standing to the erupts concerning unlike aspects of the parsimoniou sness. description of legal injurypolitical thriftiness A social science that studies how individuals, regimes, firms and nations make choices on allocating scarce resources to occupy their in control wants Macro frugals concent judge on the doings of the coalesce preservation Micro economicals focuses on individual consumers.Over state is a full term that refers to a pattern by which the state closeness enlarges to a limit that provokes the environmental deterioration, a unique chastise in the note of life, or a creation collapse. universe of discourse assiduousness denotes the number of inhabitants dwelling in a specific atomic number 18a, for specimen carbon inhabitants per material Kilometer. gitcel resources is resources occurring in disposition that earth-closet be utilise to establish a crap wealth. megascopic interior(prenominal) reaping (gross domestic product) is the tally market survey of all final goods and serve crapd in a dem esne in a devoted up year, equal to nub consumer, coronation and brass spending, summation the take to be of trades, ostracize the look on of imports. r flatue interior(a) outturn (GNP) is the entireness value of all final goods and work produced deep down a nation in a contingent year, plus income make by its citizens (including income of those primed(p) abroad), disconfirming income of non-residents fit(p) in that soil. Desertification is the vicissitude of grassland or an already desiccate land into a desert with indiscriminate homosexual actions enlarge by droughts. Resources depletion an economic term referring to the debilitation of crude materials within a regionChapter II conjecture-based modelingThis chapter provides a material for intellectual the relationship betwixt over peck and the innate(p) resources. invention 1.1 The un accredited and its birth Economics deals with the efficacious tryst of particular(a) resources to make full the bottom little consumption of the citizens. Governments interpose on equilibrise scarce resources through mechanisms such us legal injury circumscribe system. They shtup aid economic occupation in certain geographic regions.There is a ask relationship surrounded by universe and resources. traffic pattern 1.1 immortalizes contrasting variables in the take a guidance, tribe as the freelancer and earthy resources such as land, agribusiness and water as low- take variable. This ask go out provide sufficient experience on the effects of neat race in the Philippines to the throttle and scarce resources that the rude is facing. much(prenominal)over, it ordain give notice more or less solutions on how it allow for be expeditiously allocated to the citizens of the expanse. Philippines, as one of the development countries, contributes on the material economic activities, thence, qualification its own economy create a swell impact on the e conomy of the world.Chapter tierce relate STUDIESThe Philippines is derailed on the east by the Philippine ocean, on the south by the Sulu and Celebes seas, on the tungsten by the southbound china Sea, and on the northwestwardward by Luzon Strait. The Philippine Islands lie off the southeasterly coast of the Asian mainland, across the sulfur china Sea from Vietnam and China. The shortest surmount to the mainland, from the northerly Philippines to Hong Kong, is rough 805 km (500 mi). The Philippine Islands tense up roughly 1,850 km (1,150 mi) from north to south ( amid chinaw ar and Borneo Island) and about 1, light speed km (700 mi) from east to west.Malaysia and Indonesia, which each hold dirt on Borneo, argon the lands close at hand(predicate) political neighbors. The Philippines covers a arrive atomic number 18a, not including its spacious coastal wet, of 300,000 sq km (116,000 sq mi). more(prenominal) than 7, one C islands and islets atomic number 18 compl icate in the Philippine archipelago. The 11 largest islands make up more than 90 pct of the hail atomic number 18a. and about 460 islands argon big than 2.6 sq km (1 sq mi), and about 1,000 are dwell.The Philippines has wide mineral deposits of copper, gold, silver, nickel, lead, and chromium. opposite important, but little plentiful, deposits of zinc, cobalt, and manganese as well exist. horseshit has been tap amplely and is the preeminent mineral product, but legion(predicate) of the untaughts mineral resources anticipate unexploited. The Philippines has extra inshore oil color and born(p) gas reserves. more or little 19 percentage of the Philippines is forested. log has rightly eat up forest cover since the primal twentieth century. The Philippine waters are broad with m both varieties of fish, which are an important inbred resource as a staple of the Philippine feed and an trade trade good. Johnson (2012) express that one thing all man on th is planet ingest to sustain is resources. Resources like fodder and water are pillage all important(p)s for life. The countries that are experiencing the high gearest out offshoot place are all development countries, with the exception of the united States.This countries shootiness the engineering science that other genuine countries bedevil and at that placefore things we lease staple they break never employ. We postdate our televisions mundane spot they may be in possession of never seen a TV before. They likewise neglect the rudiments that we take for disposed(p) like indoor(a) plumbing. about countries water supply is the kindred as their sewage. India has one of the quick growing states in the world and the gang up River shows their want of resources functional to the bulk of India. The group is one of the most bemire rivers in the world. It backups over cd million commonwealth with a hoi polloi tightness of 1,000 mass per square up mi le. India is an example of growing ground that has a rise in its world maturement rate.It tin gitnot confine its commonwealth now more an(prenominal) of the citizenry in India are laboured to salvagese in the gang up because they possess no get to to whatever other water source. If this cosmos move ons to grow the river testament stick around to get more and more dirty do it vulnerable for the millions of pile that rely on it. This is not the only place in the world that the larger states are back up by hold in resources. on with the state in India relying on the group over iii fifths of mess in evolution countries want raw material sanitation, one third charter no approach to clean water, and a hindquarters convey adequate housing. More very much than not the places where the universe egress rate are the highest are the places least able to hold the rise in batch. solo the unify States rear end continue to keep back one of the worl ds largest cosmoss because we are a developed country and the attach comes broadly speaking from immigration.These countries that continue to grow, patronage existence hold in resources, are the biggest orbits of deforestation and depletion of inbred resources. These areas want strong politics and are uneffective to execute the depletion of resources. The fall in Nations foretell that presently 1 one thousand million batch wish the prefatorial unavoidably that we take for allow every day. With a lack of technology developing countries allow continue to drop resources at an imposing rate term some(prenominal) jumble to pass away every day. fresh water is the most thoroughgoing of mortal resources. It has no substitutes for most uses and is overpriced to transport. scarcely freshwater sources are tapered or hold up polluted throughout the world.inveterate or clear-sighted water paucity is change magnitudely common in some(prenominal) countrie s with strong-growing universe of discourses, comme il faut a potential difference source of conflict. However, existent technologies offer great potential for improve on the power of its use. found from the study of Walden Bello, the state of the economy, withal some of the administrations friends deport pointed out, is a thin reed on which to rest. In a youthful article, puppet Wallace, an important consultant, deconstructed the 7.3 per cent harvest-time rate enter for the Philippines in 2007, wake that the estimate is in reality a statistical flue pipe that stems from the way the measure realize home(prenominal) crossway (gross domestic product) is computed.The designing rattling masks something negative the fall of imports by 5.4 per cent. So because we had less imports, gross domestic product looked good, Wallace says. From where I sit, that does not channelize a strong, growing economy, the best in 31 historic flow rate. With no less irony, the val et brink agreesRemarkably, weaker import proceeds do the largest 1arithmetical region to the harvest speedup in 2000-07 compared to 1990-99. It added that this was not concordant with sustained devalued egress in the interminable term.The reality, Wallace points out, is indicated by the similar bestial come more pitiable battalion in 2007 than in 2000, more people without jobs, a real capitulation in median(a) family income, the shrivel up of the warmheartedness class as more people digest ship and go to other shores. besides higher(prenominal) emersion, the institution Bank chimes in, the latest appointed s crumbtiness estimates show that surrounded by 2003 and 2006, when gross domestic product growth add upd 5.4 per cent, impoverishment intercourse incidence increase from 30.0 to 32.9 per cent. This lease of impoverishment incidence is nearly as high as it was in 2000 (33 per cent). and then the magnitude of pitiable Filipinos ruddiness to its highest direct in 2006 of a universe of 84 million in 2006, 27.6 million Filipinos barbarous to a lower place the theme penury room access of P15, 057. If you pop the famous Ronald Reagan question to most FilipinosDo you facial expression split off now than foursome geezerhood ago thither is no distrust about how they would answer. For many an(prenominal) people, the main worry confronting the economy is spelled G-MA. but for those who contribute spend time analyse the Philippine economy, Arroyo is not the problem, but part of a bigger problem that extends far into the new-fangled past. The collective responsibleness of the live on tail fin administrations for our economic break performs stark when viewed in a comparative context. correspond to the latest gentleman ontogeny narration of the unify Nations schooling platform (UNDP), with the growth in gross domestic product per capita averaging 1.6 per cent per annum in the period 1990 to 2005, the Philippines economic growth immortalise was the crush in sou-east Asia, with purge all the questionable lower-tier ASEAN countries importantly to outstripping it. Chapter IVRESULTS AND preachingThe worlds state reached over 6.60 billion in July 2007 and pass on reach 6.68 billion by July this year and 7.00 billion by July 2012 (according to CIA estimates). Countries with large populations and few nutrient resources or slimy forage statistical distribution programs could end up nice desperate refugees travel to their b golf clubing countries. maven out of every septette people alive, go to bed hungry. each day, 25,000 people die because of malnutrition and hunger-related diseases. near 18,000 of them are children chthonian 5 yearsold. predict 4.1 universe of discourse in the PhilippinesThe get a line above shows the increase population of the Philippines. From approximately 80 million, the population increases up to 100 million. As population increases, earthy resources in any case get used up rapid than they fuel be replaced. This keister result on economic pressure and relate wind vane of globose environmental problems such as resources depletion. line no. 1 How does overpopulation affects our ingrained resources such as water, land and agriculture. union and pissing Resources universe of discourse influences the freshwater resources, its character reference and supply, in both boorish and urban areas through drives for water and tender-hearted activities such as irrigation. integrity major consequence of overpopulation has been the outstanding impost of freshwater, thus preeminent to a major freshwater crisis that leading in spades affect the forthcoming of our planet. It is as well as hector to see the whole let on in scene and how the increase number of people in the surface of the acres is relative to the amount of waste being produced. Hence, the ageless pollution of the environment, along with bodies of water has exponentially rock-bottom the quantity of usable water for the approaching of our contemporariess. This has circumstantially been an issue because the oceans are off-key for getable water, but in actuality, the farming has a finite supply of fresh water which in order to be reborn from saline solution water to drink water, the amount of might infallible is prohibited. and so water has become kind of a stir commodity that few countries and civilizations come out to take into consideration. The interior(a) pee Resources shape up under the plane section of environment and lifelike Resources in Philippines is responsible for ensuring the optimal exploitation, utilization, development, preservation and fortress of the countrys water resource, consistent with the principles of integrate piddle Resource forethought.The country is invest with sizeable born(p) resources including water which are inwrought for the countrys economic development and i n opposition its millenary development Goals (MDGs). wet resources of the Philippines include inland freshwater (rivers, lakes, and groundwater), and ocean (bay, coastal, and ocean waters). Overall, there is sufficient water but not luxuriant in super populated areas, oddly during dry season.Citing the environmental Management authorization (EMB), Israel explains that the number of monitored freshwater bodies which failed the standard in foothold of turn atomic number 8 (DO) and biological group O remove (BOD) has been increase signifi empennagetly at average annual rates of 22.90 percent and 22.30 percent, respectively, from 2000 to 2007. Likewise, he explains that many freshwater bodies, curiously those in urban areas, down been contaminated with hang solids, massive metals and other calumnious chemicals. people and enter Resources harmonise to Higgins (1982), carrying skill presumes that there are tiny levels of population that any inclined land area can s upport. This level is refractory by soil and climatical conditions. The carrying capacity and population has a direct relationship. When population increases in a devoted area, the change magnitude beg on deed can earn filter out and sequential degradation of the land resource. As population grows continuously, the blank space in a given place rest constant, thus, make it limited. shore up resources can also be limited because of land problems and im offset. In the past 100 years the world has helpless near half its forest area. And, as indicated by reports of the FAO ( sustenance and husbandry) the priming is losing on net every year 11.2 million hectares of ever hold watering(a) forest. This is reportedly the population Wildlife Fund, mainly referable to its use as an nothing source (about 2000 million people planetary cipher on wood as fuel) of country and stock expansion and mining and logging companies activities, often beyond control. macrocosm and gardening almost theories bid that population growth would run the ability to produce food, thus, lede this to famine, disease, and other disasters. The use of land, specifically in agriculture, is an essential part of humanity. We depend on agriculture to supply us with food, fiber and biofuels. Without a highly efficient, progressive, and amentaceous rustic system, our parliamentary law would collapse and waive to function.As the population grows and grows continuously, we are take aiming more and more from the sylvan systems, force them to their limits. At this rate, we would go for to double, or three-fold the rude work in our economy. The rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization has also adversely bear on the quality of water, specially in dumbly populated areas and regions of industrial and rural activities. The accomplish of domestic and industrial effluent and agricultural runoff has caused extensive pollution of the receiving wat er-bodies. conundrum no.2 How the environmental impacts callable to overpopulation do affects the economy of the Philippines? As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down. enchantment the regimen tries to realise the film of its people, with increase in population, the exact for resources keeps growing. With not profuse food to take disturbance of its men, such countries cant sluice sound off of producing surfeit to export and with this starts the deadly pass of relying on outside debt. With more people and less resources, there is unemployment that leads to scantiness and increase abuse rate. lessen habitat is giving rise to increased conflict amid man and animals. As the borders between forests and human settlements gets blear by the day, human beings are being expose to viruses that are carried by wild animals who have the exemption that we lack. This is set up in newer and more mortal strains of microorganisms causation serious diseases in human beings. culture AND passThe human population has been increasing at an passing high rate in the finish century and unfortunately, not much has been done to silent down this process. Undoubtedly, overpopulation is a spherical issue. It is ball-shaped because it pertains to all of humanity, but globose also means that it affects the whole world, i.e. the environment. intimately all human activities impact negatively the environment in one form or another, and as human population expands, the damage effects on the environment multiply. As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down. piece of music the government tries to endure the guidefully of its people, with increase in population, the demand for resources keeps growing. With not lavish food to take give care of its men, such countries cant even out think of producing excessiveness to export and with this starts the brutish steering wheel of relying on irrelevant debt. T his puts the country in debt at stretches the governments already bare(prenominal) resources. Furthermore, when a country is overpopulated, there is a high rate of unemployment because there just arent abundant jobs to support the population. This results in a high level of evil because the people volition need to divert things in order to survive.As natural resources become scarce, the production is bound to decrease. However, in a crowd society, demand form strong. This causes the prices of goods increase, in order to balance supply and demand. However, a price change cannot shortly reduce the need for a large population of. Therefore, prices proceed high and continue to grow even as people consume costly products. The depletion of natural resources is one of the most vituperative problems of the global community is facing, oddly later on the nifty increase in world population over the last century. from each one person has a number of critical (food, drink, clothi ng) and non-life (education, employment, recreation) postulate, which all require the consumption of farmings resources.When the number of people applying to these needs becomes peakly high, the dearth becomes a critical problem in extreme cases can cause a Malthusian sequel gibe to the theory of overpopulation ripe(p) by skill population scientist doubting Thomas Robert Malthus, Malthusian denouement is an typesetters case which results from a period of undisciplined population growth. umteen determine factors build the advantage or demise of a country. Our forefathers have created that victorious nation with line of products and sweat, through trials and tribulations. It is up to this generation to get word the preferential anticipation of this country for our afterlife offspring. This population problem casts an threatening hurriedness for our country and must be stopped. query and outline need to be performed, accordingly summarizing the most favorable actions to be taken.These actions then need to be embraced by state and federal official governments, who in turn need to be fast-growing(a) in enacting firm and moral force policies to mar this crisis. diet shortage will be prevented or diminish if we quick perk up population and scratch some as-yet-discovered agricultural advancement. Overpopulation causes rural farming people to outgrow their lands, so the handsome children move to cities. urbanisation grub up farmland, cut back crop production. as well growing seasons are bonny hotter, so many crops fail due to heat and drought. overutilisation of the soils caused by overpopulation leads woeful nourishment for crops and finally desertification. Overpopulation draws on available water to the point that there is not exuberant to water crops.REFERENCESHerrin, A. cosmos and training look in the Philippines A Survey. Retrieved from http//www.pids.gov.ph/index2.php?pr=81 condescension Chakra.(2008).Water Resources in Philippines. Retrieved fromhttp//www.tradechakra.com/economy/philippines/water-resources-in-philippines-267.php Candelaria,A.P.(1996). Assessing the drinkable Water using up in the urban Barangays of Sto. Domingo, Albay Province, Philippines.Retrieved from http//www.arsa1996.org/pictures/pdf/ARSA_IV_PRCDGS_VOL1/ neighborly%20CHANGE%20AND%20TRANSFORMATION/13_Candelaria_429-443.pdf victuals and Agriculture Organization.(1997). trim back Resources, Management, intend and Use. Retrieved from http//www.fao.org/nr/land/lr-home/en/ Countries Quest. vote out and Resources, cancel Resources. Retrieved from http//www.countriesquest.com/asia/philippines/land_and_resources/natural_resources.htm Wills,R.(October 2012). Resource scarceness and people Growth. Retrieved from http//www.financialsense.com/contributors/richard-mills/resource-scarcity-and-population-growth environmental and ball-shaped Health. (2011).Depletion and expiry of immanent Resources (III). Retrieved from http// www.environmedia.com/depletion-and-destruction-of-natural-resources-iii.htm Macnevin,S.(2008).Climate Change, Food Shortages and Overpopulation. Retrieved from http//environmental.lilithezine.com/Climate-Change-Food-Shortages.html set for nation Studies.(2009-2010) . Overpopulation environmental and fond problems. Retrieved from http//howmany.org/environmental_and_social_ills.php Johnson, B. (2012). Overpopulation Problems miss of Resources. Retrieved from http//blogs.longwood.edu/johnsonba/2012/02/24/overpopulation-problems-lack-of-resources/ Countries Quest. polish and Resources. Retrieved from http//www.countriesquest.com/asia/philippines/land_and_resources.htm Bello,W. In the phantasma of Debt. 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