The Baroque Period

The churrigueresque flowing happened surrounded by 1600-1750. The word baroque exercises from the Portuguese word barroom which meaner misshapen os it is a negative interpretation of the elaborate and heavily ornamented practice of medicine of this occlusion. fancy medicine traffic patterns a major portion of the classical practice of medicine minton, being widely studied, per organize, and heeded to. Composers of the baroque epoch include Johann Sebastian bach, George Frederic Handel, Antonio Vivaldi and George Philipp Telltale. The development of functional tonality happened during the baroque period.Functional analogy is the kin among harmonises (cadences perfect, imperfect, interrupted). This in any case led to elaborate ornamentations in medicinal drug (e. G. Trills, structural, glissando). It changed the direction we wrote melody and new styles of techniques were invented. churrigueresque practice of medicine expanded the size, range, and complexity o f subservient per formance, and also established op time house as a musical genre. An authoritative technique employ in baroque music was the use of grunge bass, a repeated bass line.Modes (Modes Any of the eight scales of the medieval music, individually extinguished by its ending n unitaryness, its arrangement of pitches in intervals, and its range. ) were replaced by the major and minor key system (Diatonic scales). The popularity and success of the fancy style was further by the Roman Catholic Church. opera houses were fist calm in the churrigueresque period. The outgrowth opera was written in 1597, called Deafen, and was composed by Perl. The first truly great opera was composed by Monteverdi in 1607, and was called Refer. The music heightens the dramatic impact.There was a lot of implemental routinely (Italian for return, and meaner when a mathematical functioning returns). Before each verse of the aria (song), we hear an instrumental routinely. Here atomic nu mber 18 slightly examples of operas overtures from various countries. Italy Scarlatti operas often began with an overture in three sections quick, slow, quick. This was the Italian Overture (an overture is an instrumental introduction to an opera). Scarlatti designed the arias in his operas in dad capo form, I. E. ABA. An otherwise name for this is ternary form.France Lullys operas began with a French Overture. Slow, quick, slow. This is the other way round to an Italian Overture Oratorios were also first formed in the baroque period. This is call music which at first was truly similar to operas. (They had arias, choruses and recitatives) The main difference was that an Oratorio was based on a quasi-religious story. Eventually cantatas ceased to act out, and were given musical presentation only. Handels Messiah, Samson, Israel and Egypt argon all Oratorios. Also in oratorios there was a passion.A assign is a special oratorio telling the story of Chrisms crucifixion. Besides recitatives, arias and choruses, Bach also include settings of chorales (German hymn tunes). During the churrigueresque period, the orchestra started to take shape. The string section became a self-contained unit. To this composers would add other instruments in nonpareils and twos Flutes, Recorders, Oboes, Bassoons, Horns, and occasionally trumpets and tympani drums. Monarchs/nobles employed composers because they wanted to show that they argon richer than the others.The baroque PeriodThe Baroque Period The Baroque term comes from the Portuguese word barroom, which meaner misshapen pearl Jean-Jacques Rousseau defined baroque music as that in which the harmony is conf utilise, charged with modulations and dissonances, the melody is harsh and little natural, the intonation difficult, and the movement constrained. The Baroque period was highly decorated and it reflects on the elaborate nature and complexity of the music musical themes. Others hold back likened Baroque music t o listening to multiple people having a conversation at the same time.Baroque music as also utilize to other forms of fine art, including architecture It was thought to have started in virtually 1570 as the music of the Renaissance changed to a more Baroque style There is more agreement that the Baroque period ended at the middle of the eighteenth century. The Baroque music era was a period that witnessed many advances in knowledge and changes in culture. Protestant Reformation had changed the ornament of religion and theology in Europe. Europe had turned toward rationalism and humanism to guide policies and philosophy.The Baroque period is he first to be among the musical magical spells that people today are chiefly familiar with. Characteristics of Baroque medicinal drug Composers and musicians during this time thought of themselves more as craftsmen than artists. They often made t replacement plumpliness through patrons or individuals who supported them in exchange for the ir music. Patrons included non only the wealthy in federation, ease also the nobility and the church. The music of this period was often composed for specific circumstances, whether it was a subroutiney or a phantasmal event.Some composers also worked as music tutors, composing easier compositions for heir students. Because of the deliberate and specific reasons for compositions, individual turns were not generally thought of as great compositions that would be contend over and over and have a lasting impact. The valet de chambres that were like the improvised music we find in society today that unique pieces of music to be profligacyed, just now not generally remembered beyond today. Figured Bass The music during this time was actually quite an diverse and varied.Scholars often separate and categorize Baroque music into early, middle, and late(a) Baroque music or into Italian, German, French, and position music. In both music and art of the period, artists were concer ned with describing emotions and feelings. Figured bass- A musical notational system exploitation numbers to steer chords, intervals, and other aspects in relation to the bass annotation of the music. Basso continuo- a harmony of the music, an instrument that was capable of performing chords played the basso continuo, such as a harpsichord, organ, or harp.The musician playing the basso continuo structure would play the bass note indicated in the harmony and then add in other notes on the chord as needed. The figured bass then helped the musician playing the basso Antonio by giving numbers under the bass note to indicate which chords should be played in that spot. Ornamentation and Orchestras Ornamentation- the use of non-necessary musical flourishes, such as trills and grace notes, to the basic melody or harmony. Many composers used extensive ornamentation in their pieces. Grace notes are notes that are not counted in the total time value.Baroque music also tends to stress on one emotion in a oneness piece. The emotion that the piece is trying to capture or describe is the musics effects. Orchestras- larger instrumental ensembles or groups that contain brass, string, recursion, and wood construction instruments. Forms of Baroque Music Baroque music have a number of different forms or types of music. Music scholars call the programme that a composer has in mind when composing a piece of form a form. Form helps to give structure to a composition, and composers often combine one or more forms of music as they created new types of music.Opera Poppers squirt be defined as a dramatic work in which singers and musicians use both a musical score and a school text or libretto. Composers combined a broad comedy with tragic elements. The comedic operas come to be know as opera buff Opera series- A precise stylized and puts a greater emphasis on the experience and masterful singer. Oratorios- Similar to operas. They are concert pieces rather than a form of m usical theater. They tended to be more serious-minded and dramatic. They were large-scale compositions, including flyists, choirs, and orchestras.The Instrumental entourage Instrumental suite- A series of dances Prelude This is a shorter piece that comes sooner the other parts of the instrumental suite. Allemande This piece is a verify tempo dance which derived from German dances. Originally, this was the first piece of the instrumental suite, but over time, the ruled took the first spot. Often regarded as a serious dance, the allemande was characterized by couples forming two lines and parading back and forth in the room. stream This piece is a triple meter, fast-paced dance.Literally, the word current meaner running. do This piece is usually a slow triple meter dance, lazy and more grave than the original Spanish dance that it is based on. continue This piece is a fast dance in 6/8 time. Originating in the British Isles, it is somewhat reminiscent of the Irish Gig. Some c ompositions included additional pieces, such as some of the ones listed here Hornpipe This piece is a fast, lively dance. It is said to have been created aboard English sailing vessels and the movements are those that a sailor mightiness do as part of his duties.Minuet or Minuet This piece is one of the best known of the Baroque instrumental suites. The minuet is a social dance for a couple. Gavotte This piece has a harden to fast tempo. The dance is French in origin. Air or uncommon This piece is simple and written for either instrument or voice. English lute Ares were popular in the court of Elizabeth I during the sixteenth century. bourn This piece is played at a moderate to lively tempo. Handel often used a fast tempo in the pieces that he composed. Of French origin, the Bourne is similar to the Gavotte.Paean This piece is a slower processional dance. Baroque Composers Claudio Monteverdi- His work serves as the point where Renaissance music ends and Baroque music begins. He was a transitional figure between the two eras, development characteristics of both musical time periods in his work. He also wrote one of the earliest operas. He was born in northern Italy and his early nurture in music came about through his participation in a cathedral choir. His earlier pieces includes sacred madrigals He composed and published a book of this musical form.The Taboo Libra, was his eighth madrigal publication, and it is regarded by some to be the perfect example of this form of music His music is shared into different parts covering the themes of love and war. For many eld he served in the court of Mantra At first he served as a musician and singer, before becoming a court conductor by and by in his life he became a priest and he go on to compose He died in 1643 Antonio Vivaldi- Is regarded by many to be one of the greatest composers during the Baroque period. His influences spread across Europe and he was hearty known for his instrumental concertos.One of the just about famous violin concertos is The Four Seasons He was born in Italy in 1678 He was ill child but unflurried managed to learn how to play the violin and began to study for the priesthood at 15 eld of age. He became priest in 1703, when he was 25 years experient. With the color of his hair he got the nickname The Red Priest Vivaldi At age 27, he published his first sonatas He was well known for works at an orphanage teaching the children there music ND composing whole shebang for them to play He created forms there and the forms included only motets as well as large scale composition.In Venice he wrote several(prenominal) operas as well as The Four Seasons It features the sounds of birds, running creeks, ice skating, storms,and pass fires. At the end of life he experienced financial issues and go to Vienna, and became a pauper. He died in 1741 at 64 years old He died of internal infection His music is characterized as innovation and creativeness J. s. Bach He compo sed music in many different forms, including both sacred and secular works.His works are mastery of the integrative techniques of the time, and many feature expressive melodies. He grew up in Germany, he was born in 1685 He family was all composed of musicians. He was divest at the age of ten and moved back in with an elderly brother before he got a scholarship to a music school at 14 years old Johann Sebastian Bach graduated in 1703 He became the court organist in Whimper and later the cantor for Duke Wilhelm When he took a position at SST.Thomas Church he composed mostly religious works, including a few masses, even though Bach himself was Lutheran By 1749, Bach Egan to experience failing eyesight afterwards the surgery, it didnt work so he ended up being dip after the surgery He died in 1750 at 65 years old from a stroke complicated by pneumonia Stages of his life untimely work 1708-1717 Bachs organ music Middle work 1718-1723 Bachs instrumental works Late work 1724-1750 S acred choral music His work was mathematically precise, his work had technical mastery that many other composers could only rely for.He tended to write down the basic notations on the melody, giving musicians and singer the business leader to add embellishments of their own music. He tended to write out most of the notation in his scores. This gave him greater control over the complex food grains and embellishments that he added to his music. He also tended to leave some of the instrumental notations more basic in his work, particularly some of the longer pieces.George Frederica Handel German born Known as best composer Born 1685 He began studying law, his develops profession After his father died he gave up law and studied music 1704 He began working at Hamburg Opera house His first two operas were performed He was tortuous with the founding of the Royal Cad. Of Music in London In April 737, he experienced a stroke, but lost strength in his in force(p) arm but ended up recove ring and performing over again He died in 1759 and was buried at Westminster Abbey His accomplishments 42 Operas more than cxx cantatas, duets, and trios Conclusion In this module, we learned more about the music of the Baroque period.In doing so, we learned about some of the influences on Baroque music and the characteristics of Baroque music. We learned about several of the popular forms of Baroque music, including operas. Finally, we examined four composers who map Baroque music and who helped to influence and direct the creativity of this time period.The Baroque PeriodThe Baroque period originated in 1600 and ended in 1750 2. The Peterson is the earth of Peter the Great, in SST. Petersburg Russia. Bartholomew Reasserts models it. This building was key symbol of the era. 3. Baroque painters used various colors and deep shadows to create a rich texture this can be seen in the piece Rembrandt painted The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. 4. In the baroque period there was a yearning dispute over religion.John Bunyan (1628-1688) was an English Protestant source and a Astor. He is most famous for composing The Pilgrims Progress. Another important Protestant writer of the time is John Gill. He was an English theologian who wrote A automobile trunk of Doctrinal Divinity in 1767. 5. Three famous baroque scientists were Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilee and Francis Bacon. Galileo Galilee was an lotus-eater and invented the telescope, Isaac Newton created the laws of motion and Francis Bacon invented the bacon method 6.An opera is a play where e genuinelything is vocally reduced along with orchestral accompaniment and incorporates many aspects of spoken subject field such as acting. An example is Jus Boggling and Robert Merrill, the pearl fishers duet. 7. Music was used as entertainment at the courts of the nobility. Music was rattling scarce and was treated in truth valuably as there was no way of listening other than live music. 8. Baroque music in churches was su ng by choirs, often with organs, wind string and percussion instruments complementing them. Most people were taught in orphanages to study and play music, although musical instruments were only for the rich and privilegedThe Baroque Period Opera drama presented in music, with the characters singing instead of verbalizeing Joseph German, p. 87) One cannot speak of Baroque opera without mentioning the name of Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643). Monteverdi has the distinction of being known as the first great composer in the genre of opera, as well as the last true madrigals of his time. He began writing his madrigals at a very early age and composed operas well into his seventies. Although much of his music has not survived to this day, one very important assistance did The Coronation of Poppa.This opera is make in recitative style as well as aria. Recitative is when the characters half sing, half recite the words presented in an opera while being very careful to follow accents and rh ythms of true speech closely. Aria is part in an opera which is penned for soloist and orchestra. The recitative is used to demonstrate plot action, dialogue, and other dramatic situations within an opera. Arias are used in an opera when elaboration of a piece is needed. The soloist can be more melodic, more consistent with the rhythm, clearer and better understood by the audience, and is usually accompanied by all of the orchestra.It gives the soloist great use of word-painting. This is a very notable Italian opera by Monteverdi as it is relating the adulterous liaison of Poppa and Nero which triumphs, although history records that the victory was hollow. It is also very notable because of its acute use of recitative and arias to tell the story. This is a great piece of secular composition for the era. Concerto One of the most important orchestral genres of sacred music during the Baroque era Joseph German, p. 120) (the other being concerto gross). Concerto is the contrasting of the orchestra and soloist.This contrast pits the power (along with the stability) of the orchestra against virtuosity and vocal styling of the soloist. Three ways in which composers used concerto in orchestras during the Baroque period was through the various movements which they created in their music, the reiteration form which typically started take away the movement, and the Baroque variation form which shows the Baroque need for predictable and incorporated movements. Movements essentially are sections of music which are self-contained but, are part of a larger piece.In multi-movement works, movements will always show variety in meter, tempo, key, mood, and musical form Joseph German, p. 121). The reiteration form concentrates on the contrast between orchestra and soloist. While the solo piece is faster and brilliant, the reiteration orchestral piece is heavier and forceful. Lastly, the Baroque variation form is the continuous, nonstop repetition of a single clear and precis e musical unit, with changes that keep the audience interested without losing focus of the original musical theme. It should be further noted that Baroque variations have patterns.They tend to be resent over ingeminate bass patterns. These repeating bass patterns are called basso station. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was the best of the best in concerto. His violin Concerto in G demonstrates this clearly and evidently in its first movement. It is a triple-meter movement done in reiteration. There is a contrasting solo violin, virtuoso solo violin, then it becomes more expressive, then even freer, very fast, then he pulls it back in line at the end. It is a great representation of orchestra using the reiteration form.Oratorio an opera on a religious subject, such as an Old Testament story or the life f a saint Joseph German, p. 144). This genre of music was the most operatic of any other religious music during the Baroque period. This a sacred genre of music. Oratorio is comprised of chorus, orchestra, and the all important solo voices. Also, oratorios were usually done without the benefit of scenery, costumes, or even acting for that matter. They were never stage as operas were, but had plots which were narrative, several acts, real characters, and action which was implied.The text of an oratorio is based upon scripture and takes over the operatic features of recitatives ND arias. However, it also uses the chorus which played little role in the Italian operas of the era. Most religious genres of the time were written for church services but, the oratorio was more like a second musical religious service in that it was to begin with used as a form of entertainment instead of opera for religious services such as Lent. Since it was not intended for liturgical uses, oratorios could be performed in churches as well as concert halls.George Frederic Handel (1685-1759) was the one who popularized oratorios after Italian opera began to meet its demise. He was the com poser of the Messiah which is still performed today and, can be noted that it is the only composition of that era that has continually been performed since its original appearance. The Messiah is a wonderful piece of oratorio, complete of enjoyable nuances in the orchestral as well as the choral parts. It is those nuances which bring emotion to the theme redemption as well as the theme of salvation. It contains melodies of interspersed choral with soaring soprano solos mixed with, alto, tenor and bass.When you listen you will note that there are clear-cut melodies throughout, which alternate between the previously mentioned soaring notes and pomp and circumstances of nobility. It can be hear that brass plays a very great role in the orchestra. It is still one of the most famous classical pieces that exists. I believe this might be due to Handels almost flawless use of oratorio form. non typical of other oratorios, Messiah does not rely on characters to provide the story in recita tive and arias, but the text is Biblical. This makes it a piece from the sacred genre but, a piece that has endured the ages and still delights the multitudes.