A Non Excusable Delay Construction Essay

A Non trivial Delay verbal expression Essay2.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, I will discuss types, causes and effects of agree of project in the locution application. Besides that, I will also discuss the method to minimize the delays happening in plait industry2.2 Type of DelayIn wind industry, there atomic number 18 the categories of delays used in determining delay damage as shown in table 2.1DelayConcurrent DelayExcusable DelayNon-Excusable DelayEntitlement for clockCompensableNon-compensableFigure 2.1 Types of Delay2.2.1 Excusable delaysExcusable delay as define a delay that is due to an unforeseeable event beyond the declargonrs or the subcontractors control. Usually, based on common general provisions in public agency specifications, delay resulting from the following events would be considered slight such as fires, floods, owner-directed changes, errors and omissions in the contract drafting, unusually severe weather and etc. Excusable delays john be further class ified into slight with compensation and excusable without compensation. (Ibnu Abbas Majid,2006)2.2.1.1 Excusable with compensationCompensation delays are caused by the owner or the owners agents. An example of this would be the drawings late release from the owners architect. An excusable, compensable delay ordinarily leads to a schedule extension and exposes the owner to financial damages maintained by the contractor. In this scenario, the contractor incurs additional indirect costs for both(prenominal) extended field office and class office overhead and unabsorbed home office overhead. (Abdul Hamid Kadir Pakir 2009)2.2.1.2 Excusable delays without compensationNon-compensable delays are caused by third parties or incidents beyond the control of both the owner and the contractor. Examples typically include acts of God, unusual weather, strikes, fires, acts of government in its sovereign capacity, etc. In this case, the contractor is normally entitled to claim extension of tim e and no compensation for delay damages. (Abdul Hamid Kadir Pakir 2009)2.2.2 Non-excusable delaysNon-excusable delays are cause by lack of performance of the contractor on the construction project. This delay send packing be cause by underestimates of productivity, improper project planning and scheduling, wretched point management and supervision, wrong construction methods, equipment breakdowns, unreliable subcontractors or suppliers. Therefore, it is contractor responsibilities to continue their work with no entitlement to claim for extension of time or delay damages until they completed the project. For instance, a contractor failure to provide an adequate material to completed their job.2.2.3 Concurrent DelayConcurrent delay is a problem that happening on most of the construction industry project. This issue arises when two or more than delaying event at the same time in a project cannot complete on time. In this situation, both owner and contractor are prudent for the d elay. Commonly concurrent delays which involve all two or more excusable delays result in extension of time. When excusable with compensation and non-excusable delays are concurrent, an extension of time can be issued or the delay can be distribution between the owner and the contractor. Concurrent delay can be categories in three types of delaysIf excusable and non-excusable delays occur concurrently, the contractor only to allow claim for extension of timeIf excusable with compensation and excusable without compensation delays occur concurrently, the contractor is entitle to claim extension of time but no delay damagesIf two excusable with compensation delays occur concurrently, the contractor is entitled to claim extension of time and delay damages.For instance, a concurrent delay would be if the owner failure to glide by more detail gazeing either employ ceramic tile or consistent tile for batch floor finishes. But at the same time contractor made with own decision and usi ng ceramic tile for toilet floor finishes but positively owner plan using homogeneous tile. In this situation, the contractor cannot claim for damages. It is because contractor is not follow owner instruction but he can claim for extension of time with owner failure to give more detail of drawing2.3 Cause of delayBramble and Callahan (1987) have defined that a delay is the time during which some part of the construction project has been extended or not performed due to an unanticipated circumstance. An incident of delay can prove from within the contractors organization or from any of the other factors interfacing upon construction Project. Some projects are only a few days behind the schedule some are delayed over a year. So it is essential to define the actual causes of delay in order to minimize and avoid the delays in any construction project. Many and various studies were carried to assess the causes of delays in construction projects.Assaf et al., (1995) pileed the causes of delay in large building construction projects in Saudi Arabia. The most important causes of delay project in construction industry included blessing of delays in payments to contractors and the resulting cash-flow problems during construction, shop drawings, design changes, conflicts in work schedules of subcontractors, design errors, labor dearth and short-staffed labor skills, slow decision devising and executive bureaucracy in the owners organizations.Mezher et al., (1998) conducted a take after of the causes of delays in the construction industry in Lebanon from the viewpoint of owners, contractors and architectural/engineering firms. It was found that owners had more concerns with regard to financial issues contractors regarded contractual relationships the most important, while consultants considered project management issues to be the most important causes of delays.Ogunlana et al., (1996) analyse the delays in building projects in Thailand, as an example of develo ping economies. They concluded that the problems of the construction industry in developing economies could be nested in three layers problem of shortages or inadequacies in industry infrastructure, mainly proviso of resources, problems caused by clients and consultants, and problems caused by incompetence of contractors.Kumaraswamy et al., (1998) surveyed the causes of construction delays in Hong Kong as seen by clients, contractors and consultants, and examined the factors affecting productivity. The survey revealed differences in perceptions of the relative significance of factors between the three groups, indicative of their experiences, possible prejudices and lack of effective communication.Chan and Kumaraswamy (1996) conducted a survey to evaluate the relative importance of 83 potential delay factors in Hong Kong construction projects and found 5 principal factors poor risk management and supervision, unforeseen site conditions, slow decision making, client-initiated variat ions, and work variations.these causes were categorised into the following into eight groupsProject-related factors include project characteristics, necessary variations, communication among the various parties, speed of decision making involving all project teams, and ground conditionsClient-related factors include those concerned with client characteristics, project financing, their variations and requirements, and interim payments to contractorsDesign team-related factors include design team experience, project design complexity, and mistakes and delays in (producing) design documentsContractor-related factors include contractor experience in planning and controlling the projects, site management and supervisions, degree of subcontracting, and their cash-flowMaterials related factors include shortages, materials changes, procurement programming, and proportion of off-site prefabricationLabor factors related include labor shortages, low skill levels, weak motivation, and low prod uctivity go down/Equipment related factors include shortages, low efficiency, breakdowns, and wrong selection andExternal factors include waiting time for approval of drawings and test samples of materials and environmental concerns and restrictions.Abd. Majid and McCaffer (1998) studied the factors of non-excusable delays that influence contractors performance. They classified the main causes of non excusable delays according to the source of occurrence, and consequently identified the factor contributing to those causes. It is assumed that the client has more control over the compensable delays and can take action to prevent them. The contractor is expected to have control over the non-excusable delays and, presumably, do more to prevent them. They classified the factor of causes of non-excusable delays into twelvegroups material-related delays labor-related delays equipment-related delays financial-related delays improper planning lack of control subcontractor-related delays poo r coordination inadequate supervision improper construction methods technical personnel shortages and poor communication.Mansfield et al., (1994) studied the causes of delay and cost overflow in construction projects in Nigeria. The results showed that the most important factors are financing and payment for completed works, poor contract management, changes in site conditions, shortage of material, and improper planning.Al-Momani (2000) conducted a quantitative analysis of construction delays by examining the records of 130 public building projects constructed in Jordan during the period of 19901997. The researcher presented regression models of the relationship between actual and planned project duration for different types of building facilities. The analysis also included the reported frequencies of time extensions for the different causes of delays. The researcher concluded that the main causes of delay in construction projects relate to designers, user changes, weather, site conditions, late deliveries, economic conditions, and increase in quantities.